Inclusion and exclusion in the digital economy: disability and mental health as a live streamer on Twitch.tv

ABSTRACT

In this paper I explore economic and inclusion opportunities for people with disabilities and mental health issues afforded by ‘live streaming’ ? the live broadcast of one’s activities over the internet to a globally dispersed audience. In both 2016 and 2017, the leading live streaming platform Twitch.tv broadcast over 500,000 years of video, which were produced by over two million regular broadcasters (‘streamers’), and consumed by an audience of several hundred million viewers. Streamers can profit, up to and including a full-time living ‘wage’ for those at the highest levels. Numerous successful streamers with chronic health issues have discussed the personal and professional benefits streaming brings them. Utilising data from a research project with 100 interviews, alongside approximately 500 hours of ethnographic observation, this paper examines the experiences of live streaming for broadcasters with disabilities, mental health issues, or physical health issues. Firstly, I explore the positive elements of streaming for these broadcasters, focusing on the many conditions represented in this demographic, and the benefits streaming gives for inclusion and community. Secondly, I consider the negative experiences of these streamers, focused on entanglements of health and technology that make their streaming lives potentially more challenging than their colleagues. Thirdly, I focus on the economic opportunities, and the potential for entrepreneurial activity, the platform affords. I conclude the analysis by exploring how these aspects make live streaming a potentially exemplary emancipatory and entrepreneurial space for these individuals, but not one without challenges.     

双重赋形的新诗阐释学实践--评肖学周博士新著《为新诗赋形》

重新审视新诗的精神遗产是诗歌研究界不可回避的问题,肖学周新著《为新诗赋形》直面新诗语言问题,以闻一多为个案,全面系统地梳理了闻一多诗歌语言的多方面的特征,厘定闻一多新诗创作的历史地位与现实意义。在方法论上体现为对新诗赋形的理论赋形,即双重赋形,这一新诗阐释学实践无疑具有积极的启示。     

额外资源按需分配方法研究

文献Wei Quanling等^[1]的最后一段提出了这样一类额外资源分配问题：假设有一些额外的投入资源将要分配给全部或者部分决策单元，如果我们希望分配结果对于整个系统（该系统由全部决策单元组成）来说是最有益的，那么应当如何分配这些额外的投入资源?他们同时还指出系统中哪些决策单元能够获得额外的投入资源，这不仅取决于决策单元的效率，还需要考虑规模报酬。针对此类问题，本文提出一种额外资源按需分配方法：首先，综合决策单元的技术效率与其投影点的规模弹性构建发展曲线，并由决策单元的发展曲线获知其投入变动与产出变动的对应关系；然后，把额外资源分成若干等份，依次分配每一个等份的额外资源，每次分配使系统的总产出增加实现最大，直至分配完全部的额外资源，或者分配某一份额外资源不再带来任何的产出增加，分配就会停止；最后，把决策单元在每一次分配过程中获得的额外资源进行累加，得到这个决策单元最终的分配结果。全文的最后分别在"一个投入一个产出"和"两个投入一个产出"情况下给出两个具体的分配算例。分配结果表明，这种按需分配方法不会缩减任意一个决策单元当前占有的投入资源数量，并且还可以有效地在辨识出某种额外资源在规模上和结构上存在的冗余，从而有效地避免不必要的分配。     

从电视剧《婚姻保卫战》看现代婚姻中的两性关系

时代在发展,现代婚姻家庭中两性关系也在发生着改变。现代婚姻的一个重要特征是女性主体意识觉醒,越来越多的女性开始重视家庭以外天地的开拓,这一变化使现代婚姻的质量不仅体现在双方对情感的满足上,也体现在男女双方对追求自身利益的满足上。于是,家庭中男性与女性的地位和话语权开始发生变化,重事业还是重家庭等一系列问题凸显出来。电视剧《婚姻保卫战》突出地展现了这些问题,此剧的解决思路对现实生活具有一定的启示意义。     

《毛泽东思想万岁》重要版本评介(五)

北师大版7本是有两种封面的一套万岁本,它的编印分多次;瘦宋版是册数最多的一套万岁本,共有11册,它们的突出特点是形式并不统一。     

以真通达意义——戴维森意义理论的思想主线

“以真通达意义”是戴维森意义理论的思想主线。约定-T和彻底的解释是其形式袁征模式和经验解释模式,绝对的真理论是其可靠的理论基础,它们分别表明了“以真通达意义”这条研究道路的必要性、有效性和理论合法性。     

The role of empathy in training social work students in motivational interviewing

Motivational interviewing (MI), an evidence-based approach with empathy as a key principle, effectively addresses client concerns found in the child welfare population. Training social workers in MI, and to be empathic, would increase the likelihood of better service delivery. Live supervision (LS) is a form of training that provides real-time feedback by clinical supervisors. This randomized comparison trial compared the effectiveness of LS or Teaching as Usual (TAU) on empathy in 54 MSW and BSW social work students. TAU involved students receiving online modules and assigned readings. Data were collected at baseline, after the interventions, and at five months follow-up. Differences in perceived empathy and empathic behaviors were measured by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). The study also assessed whether demographic variables or perceived empathy (TEQ) predicted empathic behaviors (MITI). Results indicate that, while both groups improved on empathy as measured by the MITI and TEQ, the LS group demonstrated more improvement. Demographic variables had no impact on empathy. The TEQ and MITI also did not demonstrate predictability suggesting the complexity of measuring empathy. The implications for social work education and future training are discussed.     

RIDICULING THE ‘WHITE BREAD ORIGINAL’

The 1994 US Supreme Court decision in Luther Campbell et al. v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., written by Justice David Souter, reversed a lower court decision and argued in favor of the rap group 2 Live Crew's playful critique of Roy Orbison's ‘Oh Pretty Woman’ by its function as parody. This essay seeks to contextualize that decision by showing the roots of 2 Live Crew's recording in the practice of ‘covering’ – the re-recording of an existent popular composition – and thus the possibilities for redefining authorship that arose with the advent of digital technology. The compositional techniques allowed by computer programs led to the proliferation of sampling in the hip-hop community, thereby liberating sounds from the original content and reconfiguring them in new songs. The technique allowed a critical, and in some cases adversarial, stance to be taken towards long-standing Western definitions of authorship and ownership. 2 Live Crew added to this rich stew of possibilities the familiar and time-tested genre of parody. Their piece took what one judge referred to as the ‘white bread original’ of the Roy Orbison record and twisted about the implicit point of view with regard to gender and sexuality. Discussion of the legal complications that followed upon the suing of the group by the holder of the copyright in the Orbison song, Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., includes the apparently sanctioned use of the song in the Disney-produced film Pretty Woman as well as the use of other Orbison material in director David Lynch's Blue Velvet. The essay concludes with suggestions as to how the language of Justice Souter's decision allows not only for future parodies but also a reinvigoration of speech, one which calls into question power relationships codified in US copyright statutes.     

Knowledge transfer of the Western concept of quality

This paper addresses one of the issues in contemporary globalization theory: the extent to which there is 'one best way' in which business can be conducted and organizations managed. It uses Czarniawska's 'travels of ideas' model as an organizing framework to present and understand how the concept of 'quality', so important in contemporary approaches to manufacturing and services, and their management, travelled to, and impinged on, a newly opened vehicle assembly plant in Poland. The extent to which new meanings were mutually created in the process of translation is discussed, using ethnographic reporting and analysis techniques commonly used in diffusion research. Parallels between the process of translation as an idea becomes embedded into a new cultural location and the processes which contemporary research has identified as important to organizational learning are briefly discussed in conclusion.     

改易天朝体制的初试（下）——义律融调中西的模式及其趋向

天朝体制是中国封建时代特有的对外关系模式,鸦片战争前,英国力图改易之,它开始遭遇了前所未有的挑战。在律劳卑的强横方式受挫之后,义律进行了新的尝试,其职官身份得到了天朝的认可。由于与本国政府的意旨不相柄凿,义律陷入了＂遵此违彼＂的两难之中,刚建立的官方关系中断。为打破僵局,义律更明确地提出融通中外体制的主张,设想了在他看来可以两全的新方案,未被中方接受。广东厉行禁烟之时,义律对方案作了调整,广东当局也有所变通。中英由此实现了＂官方直接通讯＂,而由于鸦片战争的爆发,打断了这一进程。义律对华较为平和,较少强权意识,注定了被免职的结局。但他融调中西的模式及其揭示的趋向,对于探讨文明冲突,提供了可资参考的启示。