欠发达地区基础设施过度投资的机理和危害

地方政府之间的经济增长指标竞争导致对公用基础设施过度的投资需求。建筑企业、原材料供应商和劳动力的竞争使得投资方有获得超额利润的可能。过度投资可能引发市县政府的财政危机,同时严重破坏了正常的市场秩序,并提供了产生腐败的空间与土壤。     

Local spatial data infrastructure, Trujillo-Peru

The development of a Municipal Information System, or currently better known as a local spatial data infrastructure, is considered complex due to the required inter-institutional relationships. In many developing countries Geographical Information Systems (GISs) are introduced but the benefits are modest as no changes take place in technical and organisational structure of organisations. Digital databases and computer-aided design (CAD) maps are mushrooming in great variety within different private and public institutions, municipal organisations and even within single departments and with structures similar to the paper period and thus operating on a stand-alone basis.Many national mapping agencies are not able to provide large-scale digital urban base maps, while the absence or low quality of cadastres makes those basic core data sets unavailable or inaccessible. The result is that duplication and incompatible data are frequently observed and also donor-driven stand-alone projects have a limited impact through the lack of institutional embedding and are not able to mature from the project to the institutional level. However, a positive sign is that there is an increasing awareness among data producers and consumers that investments in the development of digital data sets should be combined to reduce costs and increase benefits from especially GIS, and information and communication technology (ICT) in general.Within Trujillo a long-term vision was developed to make full use of ICT and GIS to modernise all operations of the Municipality to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its tasks. However, large investments are not feasible due to the very limited municipal budgets. To guarantee the support of the municipal council, short-term results are required. This paper describes three ‘products’ as part of the vision to develop through a step-by-step approach a local spatial data infrastructure for Trujillo.The three, rather different, products are:

1. fiscal cadastre, to increase municipal revenues through property taxation;

2. an ‘environmental atlas’ based on a compatible spatial and attribute data sets from a variety of organisations; and

3. a municipal website with interactive GIS and meta data information.

The paper concludes with some comments on the institutional and political requirements for the successful development of a local spatial data infrastructure and stresses that such an infrastructure is not a product but an incremental development process that will progress only in case such a process is simple, cost effective, user-friendly, and flexible with clear products.Political interest and institutional stability and genuine interest for inter-institutional cooperation will add much to the success of this process.     

匿名双向认证与密钥协商新协议

分析了一种新的匿名双向认证与密钥协商协议,它使移动网络向用户提供匿名服务, 访问网络与非法窃听者无法获知用户的身份信息,保证了用户身份、所在位置和行踪信息的机密性。该协议可以实现通信双方的相互认证,产生的会话密钥对通信双方是公正的。协议将双钥体制和单钥体制有机的结合起来,结构简单,安全高效。     

我国林业基本建设投资的效益分析

随着林业经营思想的转变，我国林业基本建设投资也发生了变化。该文在论述我国林业基本建设投资资金形成和发展的基础上，对不同领域的投资，从其产生的直接效益和最终效益两个层面进行了分析，并从选择投资项目、确定最优项目和加强管理等方面，提出了增加我国林业基本建设投资效益的对策。     

辽宁城市基础设施建设融资创新

城市基础设施建设是振兴辽宁老工业基地战略重要组成部分,辽宁已经在基础设施的融资方面取得了巨大的成绩,但是仍不能满足国民经济发展与辽宁省经济振兴的需要,问题主要集中在建设资金短缺方面。分析研究城市基础设施融资诸种模式,提出具体的、适合辽宁情况的融资改革方案。培养多元化的融资主体, 改善融资效率, 探索城市基础设施融资制度创新、融资渠道创新、融资方式与工具创新具有重要意义。     

加窗技术的改进证书吊销机制

分析了现有证书吊销机制在灵活性、可升级性和及时性中的缺陷,针对现有新型证书吊销机制,提出了一种结合加窗证书吊销和增量CRL机制的证书吊销机制。该机制结合传统CRL机制和在线证书状态机制的优点,既能满足不同的安全需求,又能有效减少资源开销,满足验证者的实时性证书验证请求。     

高等院校科技基础条件平台建设的浅析

高等院校的科技基础条件平台是学校整体水平与实力的综合表征,如何在实践中推动科技基础条件平台建设,是摆在高等院校面前无法回避的现实问题。科技基础条件平台是实现科技自主创新的源泉,是推动学科交叉,获得原创性科学成果的重要途径。高等院校科技平台建设要加强顶层设计、整合资源、完善共享机制,使得高等院校科技工作实现可持续发展。     

TOT项目融资模式的价格决策模型

系统分析了利用TOT模式进行转移定价的影响因素,从双方经济效益最大化的角度出发,建立了不同目标下的转移定价决策模型,确定了实现双赢的价格水平,为TOT项目转移价格的确定和决策提供了理论依据。     

基础设施定价与城市规模的经济分析

建立了基础设施与城市规模的时间序列动态模型，分析基础设施市场化运营中，因定价收费方式不同，理论上对城市最优规模的影响。对比分析了基础设施以边际成本定价和以平均成本定价的区别，用数值模拟的方法，得出按照基础设施边际成本定价，有利于获得最优的城市规模和实现城市收益最大化的结论，并为城市发展提供了相应对策。     

江苏省基础设施投资对社会其他部门投资影响效应研究

从理论上看,基础设施投资对社会其他部门投资的影响并不明确。前者对后者既有“挤入”效应又有“挤出”效应。总投资模型对1978—2003年江苏省基础设施投资与社会其他部门投资二者关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,基础设施投资每增加一单位可以挤入约0.634单位社会其他部门的投资。因此,在江苏省增加基础设施投资能够达到刺激投资、扩大社会总需求的目的。