庄子与易经精神比较

道家庄子与易经精神有许多相互沟通之处,如齐物论"天籁地籁人籁"与易经八卦、天运黄帝咸池张乐与易经阴阳思想以及庄子外杂篇与易经卦象的沟通等。以通的原则来解释庄子与易经的精神,可以诠释他们的精神内涵和"与天地精神相往来"的气质。     

集成电路中布尔线路图的优化设计

二叉决策图（BDDs)是布尔函数的一个表示方法，最近它被广泛应用于逻辑综合中布尔电路的模拟和测试等领域。在这些应用中，有些基本问题需要解决，其中包括电路图到决策图的转换。文章提出了一个转换的方法并分两步叙述，首先是对无扇出电路的转换，然后是对有扇出电路的转换，最后把两者结合为一个通用算法。     

改进的UML活动图在建模中的研究与实现

在分析工作流建模系统的基础上,介绍了UML语言的发展和优势以及存在的不足,提出了一种基于改进的UML活动图的工作流建模方法。通过一个具体的半导体制造企业工作中的封装测试的流程建模实例,描述了建模过程;根据角色对任务进行分配,对模型的执行做了分析。结果表明,运用改进后的UML活动图进行工作流建模,成功地改善了一些传统工作流建模过程的缺点,能比较完整、准确地描述工作流建模过程,加速了开发进程。     

Exploring Partial Order of European Countries

Partial Order Theory has been recently more and more employed in applied science to overcome the intrinsic disadvantage hidden in aggregation, if a multiple attribute system is available. Despite its numerous positive features, there are many practical cases where the interpretation of the partial order can be rather troublesome. In these cases the analysis of underlying dimensions could be useful to uncover particular data structures. The paper shows a way of addressing the problem with the help of an actual case study, which deals with European opinions on services of general interest. In particular, a partial order of countries is firstly provided and then a method to detect dimensions is discussed and applied. The analysis stems directly from the Partially Order Set (poset) and Lattice theory with particular references to dimension theory and Formal Concept Analysis. The study is eventually able to pinpoint role and relevance of different attributes characterizing EU countries which are used to define the partial order.

The Role of Decision Analysis in Risk Analysis: A Retrospective

In commemorating the 40th anniversary of Risk Analysis, this article takes a retrospective look at some of the ways in which decision analysis (as a “sibling field”) has contributed to the development both of the journal, and of risk analysis as a field. I begin with some early foundational papers from the first decade of the journal's history. I then review a number of papers that have applied decision analysis to risk problems over the years, including applications of related methods such as influence diagrams, multicriteria decision analysis, and risk matrices. The article then reviews some recent trends, from roughly the last five years, and concludes with observations about the parallel evolution of risk analysis and decision analysis over the decades—especially with regard to the importance of representing multiple stakeholder perspectives, and the importance of behavioral realism in decision models. Overall, the extensive literature surveyed here supports the view that the incorporation of decision-analytic perspectives has improved the practice of risk analysis.     

大一统:《史记》十表的共同主题

《史记》十表 ,展现了从黄帝到汉武帝时期三千年历史发展的线索 ,虽然十表内容各不相同 ,但它们有一个共同的思想主题 ,即主张大一统政治 ,为汉代的社会现实服务 ,这从十表各自的主题和十表的历时性、阶段性、人物对象以及《史记》整个体例等方面都可得到证明     

Game Trees For Decision Analysis

Game trees (or extensive-form games) were first defined by von Neumann and Morgenstern in 1944. In this paper we examine the use of game trees for representing Bayesian decision problems. We propose a method for solving game trees using local computation. This method is a special case of a method due to Wilson for computing equilibria in 2-person games. Game trees differ from decision trees in the representations of information constraints and uncertainty. We compare the game tree representation and solution technique with other techniques for decision analysis such as decision trees, influence diagrams, and valuation networks.     

On Confounding, Prediction and Efficiency in the Analysis of Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Clustered Data

Abstract.  In the analysis of clustered and/or longitudinal data, it is usually desirable to ignore covariate information for other cluster members as well as future covariate information when predicting outcome for a given subject at a given time. This can be accomplished through con-ditional mean models which merely condition on the considered subject's covariate history at each time. Pepe & Anderson (Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput. 23, 1994 , 939) have shown that ordinary generalized estimating equations may yield biased estimates for the parameters in such models, but that valid inferences can be guaranteed by using a diagonal working covariance matrix in the equations. In this paper, we provide insight into the nature of this problem by uncovering substantive data-generating mechanisms under which such biases will result. We then propose a class of asymptotically unbiased estimators for the parameters indexing the suggested conditional mean models. In addition, we provide a representation for the efficient estimator in our class, which attains the semi-parametric efficiency bound under the model, along with an efficient algorithm for calculating it. This algorithm is easy to apply and may realize major efficiency improvements as demonstrated through simulation studies. The results suggest ways to improve the efficiency of inverse-probability-of-treatment estimators which adjust for time-varying confounding, and are used to estimate the effect of discontinuing highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on viral load in HIV-infected patients.     

语义推理的真值表解法集全

有一些用自然语言表述的推理,用现行普通逻辑教材讲授的推理方法或规则难以推出或根本不能推出结论,而用真值表法则可以很容易地进行推理,而且这类推理简便直观;真值表解法推理的根据在于思维内容的一致性和确定性。     

《周易》中的“时”及相关问题

“时”是中国古代哲学中的重要概念。时指四季运行,又指天道。《周易》中“时”与“动”相关,凡“动”必依于时,因此有“时变”、“时报”、“时成”、“时中”等等,《周易》卦象中乾、艮、震、兑、巽、坎皆为时。