Labour and international accounting standards: A question of social justice

As the international guardian of social justice, the ILO is witnessing a global revolution in accounting, which has culminated in international accounting standards (IAS-IFRS). Previously, accounting measured the economy in relation to the capacities and responsibilities of workers and their employers. Today, the exact opposite is the case: the IAS-IFRS no longer measure work and enterprises, referring instead to the abstract concept of a cybernetic entity capable of constant restructuring, at the cost of unprecedented inequality. The author points to the incoherence of this system and to the need to restore the full carrying value of labour.     

The arithmetic of outcome editing in financial and social domains

Outcome editing refers to a set of mental rules that people apply when deciding whether to evaluate multiple outcomes jointly or separately, which subsequently affects choice. In a large-scale online survey (n = 2062) we investigate whether individuals use the same outcome editing rules for financial outcomes (e.g., a lottery win) and social outcomes (e.g., a party with friends). We also test the role of numeric ability in explaining outcome editing. Our results show that people’s preferences for combining or separating events depend on whether those events are in the financial or the social domain. Specifically, individuals were more likely to segregate social outcomes than monetary outcomes, except for when all outcomes were negative. Moreover, numeric ability was associated with preferences for outcome editing in the financial domain but not in the social domain. Our findings extend the understanding of the arithmetic operations underlying outcome editing and suggest that people rely more on calculations when making choices involving multiple financial outcomes and more on feelings when making choices involving social outcomes.     

关于企业会计准则改革的若干思考

文章首先回顾了从我国计划经济时期的行业会计制度、改革开放初期引进外资背景下的企业会计制度到1993年企业会计准则体系确立的历史进程。在此基础上,系统总结了企业会计准则在改革发展过程中的主要特征,即与国际会计准则逐渐趋同、母公司报表和合并报表同时披露、以历史成本为主兼顾公允价值。经过20多年的发展,中国逐步建立了符合市场经济要求的、与国际规则趋同的、较为完备的企业会计准则体系,使得相关领域工作者的会计思维实现了从计划经济向市场经济的转变。但现行会计准则还存在一些问题,例如未处理好会计准则制定与会计目标之间关系、部分准则产生了不利的经济后果、未很好地建立会计信息分析方法体系等等。基于上述问题,提出了相应的对策建议。研究结论对中国会计准则改革和会计信息服务实体经济具有积极的启示作用。     

城乡结合部老旧社区的嵌入式治理

基于城乡结合部老旧社区治理的嵌入性特征,将嵌入性理论视角与存量规划新常态下老旧社区的治理创新诉求相关联,从理论和实践双重维度研究阐述城乡结合部老旧社区嵌入式治理的生成背景、行动策略与创新路径。现阶段,多元治理主体在助力城乡结合部老旧社区治理与改造过程中,为满足老旧社区基础性改造需求、超越传统治理的行政化倾向、实现内源性发展目标,业已形成资源型嵌入、功能型嵌入和融合型嵌入三种行动策略,但受复杂的治理情境和滞后的治理后管理机制的影响易面临适应性挑战。应通过激发社区居民主体能动性、推进社会资本再组织化、完善治理后管理机制等具体路径,推进城乡结合部老旧社区嵌入式治理的可持续发展。     

会计稳健性与自由现金流的代理成本:基于公司投资行为的考察

会计稳健性要求及时确认损失的发生、延时确认收益的发生.一般认为会计稳健性较高的公司,信息不对称程度低,具有较高的公司治理水平.本文从公司投资行为视角考察会计稳健性对自由现金流代理成本的影响.通过研究发现:非效率投资在我国企业普遍存在;高的会计稳健性具有抑制非效率投资的作用,并在一定程度上降低了自由现金流的代理成本.但要彻底解决非效率投资问题,仍需进一步规范公司的现金持有政策,并完善公司治理结构.本文的研究也为控制自由现金流的代理成本提供了一种可行性的解决方案.     

Quality Management in Multi‐Level Supply Chains with Outsourced Manufacturing

Outsourcing stretches supply chains longer with added contract manufacturers responsible for the manufacturing of parts and final products. Should a firm change its quality management approach as its supply chain becomes longer with outsourced manufacturing? This paper studies a brand owner's optimal choice between two commonly used quality management approaches: an inspection‐based approach and an external failure‐based approach, in two supply chains – a dyadic supply chain and a multi‐level supply chain where the brand owner outsources manufacturing to an independent contract manufacturer. Our study finds that the brand owner's optimal choice between the two quality management approaches could be opposite in the two supply chains. Specifically, we show that if agency costs exist between the contract manufacturer and the brand owner, the brand owner may prefer an inspection‐based approach in the multi‐level supply chain in contrast to preferring an external failure‐based approach in the dyadic supply chain. In particular, inspections can be effective for the brand owner to limit the manufacturer's profit by excluding defective finished products and components, which in turn reduce agency costs in the multi‐level supply chain. Hence, the efficiency of an inspection‐based approach relative to an external failure‐based approach can be higher in the multi‐level supply chain as compared to the dyadic one. Our findings suggest that firms should adjust to changes in supply chain structures and re‐evaluate the efficiencies of different quality management approaches accordingly.     

浅论中国文化保守主义思潮

作为中国近代历史上发展起来的一股比较强大的文化思潮,中国文化保守主义思潮具有独特的文化背景及理论传承,它从一个侧面表现出中国文化的现代发展,其产生也具有一定的必然性。故而有必要对中国文化保守主义思潮的由来及其主要主张进行归纳,并在归纳的基础上对其进行科学的评价。     

我国企业环境会计信息披露问题研究

阐述了企业环境会计信息披露的必要性,揭示并分析了我国企业环境会计信息披露存在的问题,并提出了加强企业环境会计信息披露的对策。     

政府会计的契约本质、有效边界及其对我国的启示

负责提供公共物品或服务的政府组织是一系列契约关系的集合体,但也存在着信息不对称和委托代理问题,这是政府会计存在的客观现实基础。政府会计的本质是一种不完全契约,具体职能为促进政府契约的订立、履行和解除。政府会计的有效边界取决于信息成本和代理成本的均衡结果。这对我国推进政府会计改革具有重要的启示意义。     

女性董事改善了企业会计稳健性吗?——基于中国民营上市公司的经验证据

以2004-2011年中国民营上市公司为研究样本,运用Basu模型结合民营上市公司董事会环境和女性特征,实证检验了女性董事对会计稳健性的影响.研究结果表明,董事会是否存在女性、董事会中女性的数量和比例都对会计稳健性有着显著的影响.其中,董事会存在女性董事降低了低竞争行业企业和低债务监督企业的会计稳健性,但女性董事的数量和比例的增加却提高了高竞争行业企业的会计稳健性.研究结论对深入理解会计稳健性以及加强中国民营上市公司治理结构具有一定的指导意义.