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梁振文 《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2021,42(1):151-160
算法决策在社会信用体系建设场景中的应用日益广泛,信用信息客观公正性与信用主体权益面临更大挑战。作为一种新型权利,算法解释权能满足规制算法决策、保障信用主体权益的双重需求。然而,适用标准不明确、阶段与界限模糊成为阻碍算法解释权行使的主要因素。因此,应为算法解释权提供法治保障,明确其法律定位及适用标准,完善算法决策事前与事后解释的具体设计,同时建立对算法解释权主体的监督机制。 相似文献
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D. C. Wickramarachchi B. L. Robertson M. Reale C. J. Price J. A. Brown 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2019,61(3):380-391
We present an algorithm for learning oblique decision trees, called HHCART(G). Our decision tree combines learning concepts from two classification trees, HHCART and Geometric Decision Tree (GDT). HHCART(G) is a simplified HHCART algorithm that uses linear structure in the training examples, captured by a modified GDT angle bisector, to define splitting directions. At each node, we reflect the training examples with respect to the modified angle bisector to align this linear structure with the coordinate axes. Searching axis parallel splits in this reflected feature space provides an efficient and effective way of finding oblique splits in the original feature space. Our method is much simpler than HHCART because it only considers one reflected feature space for node splitting. HHCART considers multiple reflected feature spaces for node splitting making it more computationally intensive to build. Experimental results show that HHCART(G) is an effective classifier, producing compact trees with similar or better results than several other decision trees, including GDT and HHCART trees. 相似文献
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Bich Diep Nguyen 《Children & Society》2021,35(1):125-143
Increasing participation in family decision making is an integral part of adolescent development. This paper uses longitudinal data from four low and middle income countries—Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam—to assess the relationship between young people's involvement in schooling decision making and schooling outcomes. In the pooled sample, compared to young adults who indicate to have no say in educational choices at age 19, adolescents who make these decisions unilaterally or jointly with parents are on average 17%–23% more likely to drop out by age 22. The effects are, however, heterogenous across countries. 相似文献
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Adoption and permanence planning has been a key feature of Scotland's policy in relation to children and young people who are “looked after.” Although policy and law has significantly developed in recent years, there has been comparatively little research on permanence processes in Scotland. This paper outlines key findings from the first comprehensive study of permanence planning in Scotland. It examines the process for two cohorts of children where adoption or other types of permanence orders were made. The children were selected under the long standing Adoption (Scotland) Act 1978 and the more recent Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007. In total, 300 cases were examined, analysing data from the children's first contact with services through to the order made by the Scottish Courts. This paper pays particular attention to the timescales found at key stages under the two sets of legislation and asks what difference the change in legislation has made. 相似文献
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The business model construct has become attractive to both managers and academics. It reflects how the most important organization's strategic and tactical choices regarding the allocation of resources interact in order to create and capture value. Yet with the growing entrepreneurial complexity, managers often end up pursuing conflicting and even paradoxical strategic goals, thus rendering the business modelling processes more complex, too. Well-known examples are profit versus social value, stakeholder versus company interests, exploration versus exploitation and environmental sustainability versus economic returns. The academic business model literature so far has provided limited insights on how to implement business models beyond a single goal and focused mainly on the initial strategic choice of a business model, ignoring that such salient tensions are often persistent and resurface within the business practice. In this study we leverage paradox theory to investigate how managers of creative firms make tactical choices to accommodate (not solve) salient tensions within their business models, focusing on the domains like services provided, choice of clients, networking and resourcing practices, revenue models and new venture creation. Based on qualitative case study research, we found four integrating and three differentiating decision-making tactics that managers deploy to create both economic and creative value through their business models. Adding to the business model theory, we show how business models are crafted in managerial practices by making tactical decisions to solve conflicts and paradoxes. The results equally enrich the paradox literature by providing for tactical-level approaches toward working through the paradox. 相似文献
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当前,我国农村生态治理已取得长效发展,但也面临着共同体理念淡漠、信任性组织松散、对称性信息堵塞、技术性监管悖论等问题与挑战。农村生态治理数据人才主体缺失、数据监管体系薄弱、政务数据信息传递遗漏、生态技术伦理道德欠缺是造成农村生态治理式微的深层次原因,因此,必须将大数据技术嵌入农村生态治理,提高农村生态治理效能。革新数据治理的顶层设计,完善数据治理的网络机制,重塑数据治理的信息平台,完善数据治理的监管体系,建立生态治理数据决策模式,以实现大数据时代农村生态治理的现代化转型。 相似文献
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为了削弱传统零售商在渠道博弈中的垄断地位,制造商尝试建立在线渠道与零售商展开竞争。本文在考虑消费者低碳偏好的基础上,又将消费者的渠道偏好进行区分,通过不同决策模式的对比及数值算例分析,寻求低碳供应链最优的减排边界。研究表明:1分散决策时,制造商的低碳决策会受消费者渠道偏好的影响;集中决策时,制造商的低碳决策保持不变。2不同决策模式的减排边界由渠道偏好决定,渠道偏好较大时,分散决策的减排边界更高;渠道偏好较低时,集中决策的减排边界更高;渠道偏好中立时,两者的减排边界相同。3制造商可以通过升级低碳技术、实行低碳化管理等方式降低减排成本,同时通过低碳产品认证、广告宣传等方式提高消费者对低碳产品的认可程度。 相似文献
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针对区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策问题,提出了一种基于交叉效率DEA和群体共识的群决策方法。首先,提出乘性语言偏好关系导出函数的定义,并构建产出导向的DEA模型,证明了一致性乘性语言偏好关系的DEA效率得分与排序向量之间存在比例关系。在此基础上,建立基于理想值的交叉效率DEA模型,提出乘性语言偏好关系的通用排序方法。同时,基于群体共识建立目标规划模型来计算各语言偏好关系的权重系数。最后,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟的方法对群体语言偏好空间进行统计分析,得到群决策期望排序向量及其可信度。算例分析表明本文方法能够有效的避免信息损失,具有较强的适用性和较高的可信度。 相似文献
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V. Casey Dozier Gary W. Peterson Robert C. Reardon 《The Career development quarterly》2020,68(2):186-192
The career decision state (CDS) was studied in relation to RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) profiles in Self-Directed Search results among college students (86 women, 27 men). Three CDS dimensions measured by the Career State Inventory (CSI; certainty, satisfaction, and clarity) were examined as predictors of RIASEC primary and secondary constructs. Significant, albeit modest, zero-order correlations (p < .05) emerged between clarity and 3 secondary constructs (i.e., consistency, commonness, and coherence). Results of regression analyses indicated that CSI dimensions predicted 1 secondary construct (i.e., commonness). 相似文献