Reliability of global sensitivity indices

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is an essential ingredient of model development and applications. For many uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques, sensitivity indices are calculated based on a relatively large sample to measure the importance of parameters in their contributions to uncertainties in model outputs. To statistically compare their importance, it is necessary that uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques provide standard errors of estimated sensitivity indices. In this paper, a delta method is used to analytically approximate standard errors of estimated sensitivity indices for a popular sensitivity analysis method, the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST). Standard errors estimated based on the delta method were compared with those estimated based on 20 sample replicates. We found that the delta method can provide a good approximation for the standard errors of both first-order and higher-order sensitivity indices. Finally, based on the standard error approximation, we also proposed a method to determine a minimum sample size to achieve the desired estimation precision for a specified sensitivity index. The standard error estimation method presented in this paper can make the FAST analysis computationally much more efficient for complex models.     

Experiment-dependent priors in psychology and physics

Sometimes conducting an experiment to ascertain the state of a system changes the state of the system being measured. Kahneman & Tversky modelled this effect with support theory. Quantum physics models this effect with probability amplitude mechanics. As this paper shows, probability amplitude mechanics is similar to support theory. Additionally, Viscusi's proposed generalized expected utility model has an analogy in quantum mechanics.     

黄山绞股兰对赡蜍体心脏的作用

蟾蜍离体心脏灌流实验表明:黄山采集的绞股兰、绞股兰茶剂、生晒参在低浓度时均能增加蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩振幅。其作用为:黄山绞股兰>生晒参>绞股兰茶剂,其后作用也以黄山绞股兰最强。高浓度时均能抑制心脏的搏动,使心脏停止于收缩状态,更换任氏液后心脏的搏动可以恢复。三种药物均对心率无明显的影响。     

离散频谱分析的一种新校正方法

提出了一种对幅值谱进行校正的新方法,用以解决离散频谱当谱峰没有对正峰顶,有能量泄漏所带来的误差,并讨论了矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗和高斯窗四种窗函数的修正方法,校正的频率、幅值和相位的精度可达细化100倍以上的效果。     

基于DDS的频率特性测试仪

介绍了基于DDS设计的频率特性测试仪,整个系统以单片机为控制核心,实现了对被测网络频率特性的测量,用液晶显示器LcD显示幅频特性和相频特性曲线,同时还可打印频响曲线.     

用时域信息改善机扫雷达参数估计性能的方法

针对一个波束宽度内存在多目标的情况,提出了一种基于时空级联处理的用单天线、单接收通道实现目标角度和多普勒频率联合超分辨估计的方法.与阵列天线利用目标反射波的相位关系不同,单天线、单通道方法是根据天线扫描时,对回波脉冲的增益变化而构造导向矢量阵的,此时若直接采用常规空间谱估计方法,则实现的是信号多普勒频率的超分辨,角度估计效果较差.时空级联处理方法可充分利用信号的时域结构信息,明显提高角度的估计性能,并且无需高维搜索,计算量小.计算机仿真结果证明了新算法的有效性和正确性.     

一种基音提取算法

根据基音周期平滑变化的特点,基于语音信号的准周期性进行了语音信号的基音提取。该算法主要针对多带激励模型（ＭＢＥ）,采用传统的时域分析法,先用语音信号的相关性进行基音周期的估计,再由分数延迟法提取基音周期,使预测结果更加准确,更具实时性,有利于语音编码与识别。     

低浓度三分子模型的振幅方程

首先在考虑扩散流随时间变化的基础上,建立了低浓度三分子模型的双曲型反应－扩散方程及其波动方程,然后运用奇异微扰理论导出在Ｈｏｐｆ分岔点处的小振幅方程,为研究系统的能量演化奠定了理论基础     

示波管直接直流电压相抵测千伏级脉冲电压

提出一种可以精确测量千伏级微秒脉冲幅值的方法;经一简单 RC 网络,将脉冲和直流电压同时加到示波管偏转板上,当扫描线保持原状时,直流电压即为脉冲幅值。理论分析表明当脉冲幅值大于500V,其误差<0.25%。对100V 方波进行了测量,并获得了满意的结果。     

宽带数字正交技术及性能分析

讨论了几种宽带数字基于傅里叶变换和离散滤波器的Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ变换以及对基带内任意带通信号特殊的正交变换技术，并利用Ｇｒａｍ－Ｓｃｈｉｎｉｄｔ正交化校准原理分析了这几种数字正交技术的性能以及Ｉ、Ｑ通过间的幅度和相位不平衡误差。计算机模拟结果表明，除了Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ滤波器的不平衡度较大外，其余两种数字正文技术在较宽的频率范围内都能保持很高的镜像抑制，这为实现宽带实时的数字Ｉ、Ｑ通道提供了工程保证。