我国儿童动物文学及其翻译研究

中外儿童文学充满了“动物”色彩，动物文学因其独特的内涵和异质的美学魅力成为了对少年儿童大自然教育和生命教育的特殊题材。通过论述动物文学与儿童文学交错重叠的关系，回顾了儿童动物文学的兴起，并从政治、社会、科技发展等方面分析其发展动力，综述我国儿童动物文学及其翻译研究较为匮乏的现状，挖掘其研究意义，肯定其对儿童成长的积极作用与影响，旨在为我国儿童文学翻译和儿童文学事业发展提供借鉴与新动力。     

Veganism as a lifestyle movement

In the last few years, the popularity of veganism has surged. Current literature on the cultural practice, which situates it within a social movements framework, cannot adequately explain this meteoric rise. A better approach is to view veganism as an emerging lifestyle movement based on individual consumption rather than political protest. After situating veganism within the literature on animal rights, this review then explains why a lifestyle movement perspective yields a more compelling account of its growing mainstream appeal. Drawing on both cultural and organizational sociology, this review provides insights into the cultural origins of veganism, its evolving relationship to other food movements, and highlights the key role played by cultural entrepreneurs, the key changemakers who are bringing veganism from the margins to the mainstream.     

Legitimizing leisure experiences as emotional work: A post‐humanist approach to gendered equine encounters

Due to changes in lifestyle and work patterns, education and values associated with wellbeing, non‐human animals are now incorporated into a range of human experiences and environments. This research specifically focuses on human–equine relations, examining blurred boundaries between therapeutic and recreational interspecies encounters. It is acknowledged that human–equine relations are often gendered and this research focuses mainly on women's narratives. Viewed through the post‐humanist lens, horses now form kinship and companionship roles, particularly for women, where relations have become mutually emotionally dependent as a result of interspecies communication and embodied encounters. Research utilizes feminist post‐humanist and cultural politics of emotion frameworks associate with the co‐agency on the co‐agency of animals. Embedded in the concept of equiscapes, or post‐humanist leisure spaces, research methods employ qualitative approaches, including in‐depth interviews, participant diaries and multispecies ethnography. Findings reveal how women make considerable investments in equine activities, which develops mutual welfare and wellbeing. Yet, despite these benefits, emotional and other expenditures are justified in work discourses to legitimize them as valuable to themselves, their families and their communities.     

Managing the Risk of Aggressive Dog Behavior: Investigating the Influence of Owner Threat and Efficacy Perceptions

Aggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.     

“Phil's Calling Grandma… ”: The Role of External Support in Human–Companion Animal Identity Pairings

This exploratory paper deals with human–animal role identity pairings such as parent–child or sibling–sibling and the necessity of support from other actors both for the formation of these idiosyncratic identities, as well as for their situational placement in social environments not limited to the nonhuman animal. Taken from a qualitative study examining identity formation counter to the nonhuman animal, I use in‐depth interviews of both people with and without human children to demonstrate how human‐to‐human relationships are formed by categorizing the companion animal as a “child” of sorts within the family structure. These relationships prove integral to the continued development and enactment of identities such as the animal “parent” or the animal “sibling” via three different groups: their own parents, partners, and, in one case, adult siblings. This creates positive affect and commitment to the identity across other social situations. Implications of these findings for identity theory and family research are discussed.     

“动物与人”：叙事伦理、悖反性与双重困境指向——论“抉择之痛”作为功能指涉的效力边际

对初始情境中受难者“陷困”功能的探讨，是“动物叙事”叙事语法研究中不容忽视的一环，其中贯穿了一个最为基础的叙事功能指向——“抉择之痛”。强调“动物与人”两类受难者角色在身体、心理抑或情感维度陷入某种矛盾与纠结的状态，并且彼此间时常呈现出一定的矛盾悖反性。这一角色身份由动物形象与人类形象分别或共同承担，均指向一种叙事伦理层面的现代境遇的表达。在题材范畴方面，这一功能指涉涵盖了家养类与野生类“动物叙事”各自的叙事范畴。其效力边际已不仅仅局限在单纯生态视域与人性指涉的层面，而是凸显现代语境下人类所面临的共通性的伦理困境：一种挥之不去的矛盾、困惑与不安的情感和心境的写照。     

How volunteerism inhibits mobilization: a case study of shelter animal advocates

This paper presents an analysis of how volunteerism can neutralize impulses for mobilization. An ethnographic case study of shelter animal advocates, or individuals promoting shelter reform to ensure that companion animals impounded at animal shelters receive proper medical and behavioral care and are given opportunity for adoption, illuminates a specific set of mechanisms that explain why they have not engaged in collective action such as protest. The findings speak to the complex debate about the relationship between volunteerism, political engagement, and social change by identifying five processes that undercut shelter animal advocates’ capacity to act collectively in protest of how the shelter is run: (1) periods of grievance interruption; (2) exposure to the target’s institutional narratives; (3) relational ties to the target; (4) conflict avoidance; and (5) maintenance of identity as volunteers.     

地方政府动物防疫强制扑杀行为刍议

在动物疫情应急处理时,政府会对一定范围内的动物进行扑杀。扑杀作为政府的即时性强制行为,在实施中仍普遍存在超范围扑杀,不遵守法定程序,扑杀的方式和方法不规范,扑杀后的补偿范围窄、标准低等不当行为,严重损害相对人的合法权益。因此,应提高地方政府保护公民合法私有财产的意识、规范地方政府依法扑杀的程序,完善地方法规对扑杀补偿的规制,畅通行政复议、行政诉讼等行政救济渠道,以规范地方政府的行政扑杀行为。     

动物科学专业课程设置问题调查与思考

为考察目前动物科学专业设置存在的问题,提高动物科学专业课程的教学效果,对动物科学专业本科生设计了有关动物科学课程设置的105个问题进行调查分析发现,目前动物科学专业设置中存在学生对专业方向不太了解的问题,实验实习课设置中试验课门类和学时均偏少,实习条件差,现场操作机会少。专业限选课实验太少,专业选修课存在内容不新、学时不够等问题。调查还显示,双语授课使大多数学生的精力偏多注重于语言学习,模糊了专业知识的学习。因此,有必要进行专业方向的指导教育,适当调整实习实验课程,建立新的实习基地模式,使学生有更多的动手实践锻炼机会,并通过设置专业外语课程,改善双语教学的缺陷。     

“两型社会中的现代农业建设”笔谈

加快经济发展方式转变、推进“两型社会”建设,农业现代化是其重点和难点。基于此,本刊特邀湖南省三位知名专家畅谈“两型社会中的现代农业建设”。湖南明确以“四化两型”引领湖南实现“四个发展”,曾福生教授认为要推进湖南省农业现代化进程,应统筹城乡发展,从现代农业基础设施、社会化服务体系、经营形式和组织方式、农业资金投入管理机制、新型农民管理和培养模式等方面进行努力。刘茂松教授认为在工业社会,融合工厂化农业与农产品工业再制造的工厂化制成品农业,是农业现代化的首选。对于解决新时期农业与农村经济发展中的“三农”问题,实现中国农业经济发展方式南粗放型向集约型转变,其意义巨大且十分深远。推进工厂化制成品农业的发展,应从社会观念变革、基地标准化生产、农业制成品供应链管理、农业科技创新、营造政策环境等方面采取措施。农业是第一污染产业,其中畜牧业污染更是令人堪忧,盛孝邦教授基于邵阳、长沙、娄底等市县考察,提出应迅速建立规模化养殖场的准入门槛,引导养殖企业开展低碳生产,推广生猪养殖粪便零污染处理技术,以畜禽养殖标准化为契机加快发展低碳畜牧业,缓解或消除畜牧业的发展与环境保护的冲突。