越南战争“特需”和朴正熙的“开发独裁”

朴正熙政府为了打破其在国内外遇到的困境，经过与美国的一番讨价还价出兵越南。出兵越南给韩国的方方面面带来了极为深刻而长远的影响，但最为重要的影响可以概括为经济方面的战争。特需”和政治方面的“开发独裁”。越南战争“特需”使韩国奠定了其经济起飞的基础，并巩固了朴正熙的执政地位，从而使“开发独裁”体制获得了适宜于其生存的土壤。     

对《合同法》第402条的再解读

从实体法角度来看,《合同法》第402条在法律适用上的漏洞,应以目的性扩张的方法完成漏洞之补充。其次,在仲裁程序中漏洞补充的实现也会遇到的一定的程序性障碍,应通过对仲裁规则的修改,达到解决这一问题的目的。     

村干部不同领导方式对村民自治绩效的影响

将村干部的领导方式分为权威型、民主型、放任型三种类型,从经济绩效、政治绩效(分为民主管理绩效、公民参与绩效)、社会绩效、公共产品与服务供给绩效4个方面衡量村民自治绩效,根据对多个省份16个村庄的问卷调查,分析村干部领导方式对村民自治绩效的影响。分析表明,权威型领导方式与社会绩效以及公民参与绩效显著正相关,民主型领导方式与经济绩效、民主管理绩效、公民参与绩效、社会绩效、公共供给绩效显著正相关,而其他变量之间的关系不显著。因此,村干部民主型领导方式我国农村治理中具有普遍的适用性,权威型的领导方式也有一定的适应性,而放任型的领导方式是不适用的。村干部应灵活运用权威型与民主型领导方法,避免放任型领导风格和方式。     

当代西方社会公共领域中权力异化性扩张的成因探析

标榜崇尚自由主义的当代西方世界在公共领域中的国家权力却在异化性地扩张,这种扩张是通过技术规则的“软性专制”形式包括管理的形式化、官僚科层化、科学技术和日常生活的意识形态化以及对自由个人主义的社群主义的持续性批判等来实现的。     

MORE INFORMATIVE TESTING FOR BIVARIATE SYMMETRY

In testing for bivariate symmetry against arbitrary alternatives the well‐known test developed by Bowker in 1948 is shown to be a score test, and to have useful components. These components are asymptotically independent and asymptotically have the standard normal distribution. Moreover they assess particular pairs of cells for symmetry. These components can also be used in a data analytic manner to complement a test for bivariate symmetry against ordered alternatives.     

Blinded sample size re-estimation in clinical trials comparing several treatments

An important question that arises in clinical trials is how many additional observations, if any, are required beyond those originally planned. This has satisfactorily been answered in the case of two-treatment double-blind clinical experiments. However, one may be interested in comparing a new treatment with its competitors, which may be more than one. This problem is addressed in this investigation involving responses from arbitrary distributions, in which the mean and the variance are not functionally related. First, a solution in determining the initial sample size for specified level of significance and power at a specified alternative is obtained. Then it is shown that when the initial sample size is large, the nominal level of significance and the power at the pre-specified alternative are fairly robust for the proposed sample size re-estimation procedure. An application of the results is made to the blood coagulation functionality problem considered by Kropf et al. [Multiple comparisons of treatments with stable multivariate tests in a two-stage adaptive design, including a test for non-inferiority, Biom. J. 42(8) (2000), pp. 951–965].     

论行政调解协议的效力——以构建统一调解制度为视角

法治的局限性、民事纠纷的复杂多样性、行政职能的广泛性等决定了行政调解在解决民事纠纷方面的重要作用,但我国现行法规范关于行政调解协议效力的规定却不明确,影响了行政调解制度功能的发挥。从立法政策学的视角来看,行政调解效力制度的完善应以构建统一调解制度为基本出发点,区分不同类型的行政调解,并赋之以不同的法律效力。属于自治型行政调解的,其调解协议具有民事合同的效力;属于裁断型行政调解的,由行政调解机关制作的行政调解书一经当事人签收,即具有执行力。     

波动方程的任意阶精度的十字架格式

构造了解波动方程的任意阶精度的十字架格式，这些格式的精度为Ｏ（Δｔ￣（２ｐ）＋Δｘ￣（２ｑ））。讨论了这些格式的稳定性与时间方向精度的关系，证明了格式的稳定性区域不再随ｐ的增大而扩大，建立了具有任意阶精度显式十字架格式的稳定性区域的上界。     

科学中的美感及其衍生逻辑——问题转移至意识存在语境后的真善美统一

以主客对立为前提和以特殊现象为基础这两个具有思想框架作用的思维条件，构成传统的真善美问题的认识语境，它们必然把真善美探索推上独断轨道。摆脱独断的出路在于，从意识存在中寻求超越主客对立的更高抽象水平的普遍存在形式，从而为真善美及其统一问题的探索奠定理性分析基础。分析表明，真善美是把普遍存在形式的不同构成内容分别作评价标准而向具体存在运用的结果。科学因是创造和占有存在的活动而必然同时具有真善美品性。     

Additional variables and adjusted estimates with arbitrary known variance-covariance structure

When additional variables are fitted in a linear model under arbitrary known variance-covariance struture, the extra sum of squares due to fitting the new variables and adjusted parameter estimates can be computed in an efficient manner without actually explicity fitting the entire augmented model. When the additional variables are specific dummy variables, downdating formulae are readily obtained, thus generatina methods which are well known for the linear model with variance-covariance structure σ²I. Two different methods to downdate a linear model are presented.