供应链管理模式下的企业外包设计研究

供应链管理是近年来在国内外逐渐受到重视的一种新的管理理念与模式,其管理思想是使企业将主要精力放在核心业务上,充分发挥优势,企业中的非核心业务外包给合作企业来完成。因此,企业外包设计成为供应链管理思想的一个重要方面。基于这一背景,首先探讨了企业外包的含义及其构成元素;并根据威廉姆森的新制度经济学中经济业务交易的规制结构对企业外包的规制层次进行划分;最后,构建了在供应链管理模式下基于交易成本和核心竞争力相结合的企业外包设计模型。     

SCM视角下的旅游空间"竞争-合作"模式实证研究 --以大桂林旅游区为例

详释了近年来兴起的供应链管理(SCM)的原理,并将此原理的管理理念试探性地引用于旅游行业管理之中,进一步分析了大桂林旅游区旅游行业的情况,指出受地缘结构的影响和制约,该旅游区域与其他不同地位的区域之间的相互关系,可能是互补的,也可能是竞争的,更多的是两者并存。转变替代性竞争的唯一途径就是在较大区域范围内进行更多的选择,通过资源优势互补,进行必要的SCM,以加强区域旅游开发合作,实现互补增强效应。区域旅游“竞争-合作”的发展由“增长极模式”到“点轴模式”,最终应形成在竞争中合作、在合作中竞争的旅游“网络模式”,实现战略双赢或多赢,对区域旅游综合开发具有指导意义。     

供应链绩效评价指标体系与评价方法研究

供应链管理(SCM)与现行企业模式有较大区别,其绩效评价指标体系的建立与评价方法也就有其特殊性,目前这方面的研究还略显不足。本文在综合分析现有的SCM评价指标体系的基础上,初步建立了一套适合我国SCM绩效评价的指标体系。同时,给出了SCM绩效评价的多级动态模糊综合评价方法。     

Wearing corset,losing shape: The euro's effect on trade imbalances

When does trade become a one-way relationship? We study bilateral trade balances for a sample of 18 European countries over the period from 1948 through 2008. We find that, with the introduction of the euro, trade imbalances among euro area members widened considerably, even after allowing for permanent asymmetries in trade competitiveness within pairs of countries or in the overall trade competitiveness of individual countries. This is consistent with indications that pair-wise trade tends to be more balanced when nominal exchange rates are flexible. Intra-euro area imbalances also seem to have become more persistent with the introduction of the euro, some of which is linked to labor market inflexibility. Reviewing the direction of imbalances, we find that bilateral trade surpluses are decreasing in the real exchange rate, decreasing in growth differentials, and increasing in the relative volatility of national business cycles. Finally, countries with relatively higher fiscal deficits and less flexible labor and product markets exhibit systematically lower trade surpluses than others.     

India's demand for international reserve and monetary disequilibrium: Reserve adequacy under floating regime

The main aim of this study is to investigate India's demand for international reserve by focusing on the role of national monetary disequilibrium and to present new benchmarks for assessing the adequacy of international reserves. We assessed India's position in terms of reserve adequacy and found that India is well placed and has sufficient stock of international reserves to meet the minimum adequacy requirements. Also, the results reveal that the central bank is holding substantial excess reserves and the related opportunity cost (1.5% of GDP) appears to be quite considerable. Further, the estimates of reserve demand function suggest that scale of foreign trade, uncertainty and profitability considerations play significant role in determining India's long-term reserve demand policies. More importantly, validating the monetary approach to balance of payment, our results show that national monetary disequilibrium does play a crucial role in short-run reserve movements. An excess of money demand (supply) induces an inflow (outflow) of international reserves with an elasticity of 0.56 which also implies that Reserve Bank of India responds to correct the domestic money market disequilibrium; and did not just leave it completely on the mercy of reserve inflows.     

Lawrence R. Klein 1920–2013: Notes on the early years

Klein can well be said to have created the field of macroeconometric modeling almost singlehandedly. His international influence started at an early stage. The article offers scattered archive observations on Klein's early years from undergraduate study to the University of Pennsylvania in 1958. Klein was in 1944 recruited by the Cowles Commission in Chicago to construct the first macroeconomic model in the USA, drawing on the experiences of the interwar modeling work of Jan Tinbergen and the new path-breaking econometric methods developed by Trygve Haavelmo. The first Klein model was taken into use at the end of 1945 to shed light on the prospects for the US economy in the transition from war to peace. After two-three years in Chicago Chicago, Klein traveled for a year in Europe and initiated macroeconometric modeling work in Canada, at the University of Michigan, and at Oxford University. This was only the beginning of the lifelong influence exerted on modelers around the globe. The article pays attention to Klein's relation to Paul Samuelson, Jacob Marschak, Trygve Haavelmo, Ragnar Frisch, and others.     

THE FAILURE TO PREDICT THE GREAT RECESSION—A VIEW THROUGH THE ROLE OF CREDIT

Much has been written about why economists failed to predict the latest crisis. Reading the literature, it seems that this crisis was so obvious that economists must have been blind not to see it coming. We approach this failure by looking at one of the key variables in this analysis, the evolution of credit. We compare the conclusions reached in the recent literature with those that could have been drawn from an ex‐ante analysis. We show that the effect of credit on the business cycle cannot be exploited from a policymaker's point of view.     

短期物流整合情形下的供应商评价模型

在供应链管理(SCM)和虚拟制造组织(VMO)中,供应商的评价和选择是一个研究的热点;近年来已有学者提出,用主观方法来评价和选择供应商和实践是有差异的;本文从实际数据出发,针对发展中国家常见的短期物流整合情形,试图提出一个系统分析模型来探讨这个问题。     

Profit efficiency analysis under limited information with an application to German farm types

Lack of information about technology and prices often hampers the empirical assessment of the profit maximization hypothesis (viz. by measuring the degree of profit efficiency). The non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology can deal with such incomplete information. We exploit the implicit but largely neglected profit interpretation of the DEA model that builds on assumptions of monotone and convex production possibility sets. We show how its embedded assessment of necessary conditions for profit maximization can be strengthened given partial information in the form of monetary sub-cost/-revenue data (that are often easier obtained than the pure quantity data). Finally, we argue that a ‘mix’ efficiency analysis is naturally complementary to such a profit efficiency analysis. An application to German farm types complements our methodological discussion. By using non-parametric statistical tests, we further demonstrate the potential of the non-parametric approach in deriving strong and robust statistical evidence while imposing minimal structure on the setting under study. In particular, we look for significant efficiency variation over regions.     

Goodness-of-fit tests for a heavy tailed distribution

We study the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Berk–Jones test, score test and their integrated versions in the context of testing the goodness-of-fit of a heavy tailed distribution function. A comparison of these tests is conducted via Bahadur efficiency and simulations.