人化自然背景下自然的目的性新论

自然有没有目的性，如果有的话，是在什么意义上讲的，自然的目的性是否具有层次性，我们应该如何对待这些不同形态的自然及其目的性，等等。这个问题，不同的价值观和思维方式的回答是不同的。一般来说，机械论和传统唯物主义是否定自然的目的性的，西方传统中占主导地位的理性主义往往形成自然与社会、物质和精神、理性与非理性等等二元因素的对立。而儒家、马克思的实践哲学明确主张，或从现代现象学可以推断出，自然界不但存在着目的性、主体性，而且存在着它们的差异性，如马克思强调在实践活动的基础上自然与历史的一体化，而儒家的仁爱是有差等的爱，不是墨家所说的具有绝对主义倾向的“兼爱”。也就是说，自然界中的一切生命，按照从高到低的价值顺序，微生物、植物、普通动物、人，都是具有独立的意志和价值的生命体。在道德的理想性、超越性上，它们是平等的，都是爱和尊重的对象，而在现实性上，它们对人的价值是不同的，人们对待它们的态度也应该是不同的，即是有差等的。     

Re‐framing the Analysis: A 3‐dimensional Perspective of Prisoners’ Children's Well‐being

This article highlights three dimensions to understanding children's well‐being during and after parental imprisonment which have not been fully explored in current research. A consideration of ‘time’ reveals the importance of children's past experiences and their anticipated futures. A focus on ‘space’ highlights the impact of new or altered environmental dynamics. A study of ‘agency’ illuminates how children cope within structural, material and social confines which intensify vulnerability and dependency. This integrated perspective reveals important differences in individual children's experiences and commonalities in broader systemic and social constraints on prisoners’ children. The paper analyses data from a prospective longitudinal study of 35 prisoners’ children during and after their (step) father's imprisonment to illustrate the arguments.     

Graduating Out of Poverty Across Generations: Unpacking Children’s Well‐being Trajectories in Burundi

Graduation model interventions represent a new wave of anti‐poverty programming that seeks to offer a sustainable pathway out of poverty. An expanding evidence base points towards positive economic outcomes at household level but little is known about impacts on child well‐being. This paper investigates children’s well‐being in Burundi during and after participation in a graduation model programme using a longitudinal mixed‐methods approach. The programme is found to improve child well‐being, particularly in relation to housing, food security and education. Covariate shocks undermine sustainability of effects but greater knowledge, experience and prioritisation of children’s needs contribute to harnessing improved outcomes.     

以人为本的高校德育新模式

传统的高校德育模式偏重于“道德理论”、“道德知识”和“政治伦理”的灌输,缺乏自身应有的稳定性、逻辑性和科学性,在价值取向上难以摆脱社会本位和政治伦理的倾向。改革高校德育就必须构建“以人为本”的现代高校德育新模式,重视生命关怀,关注学生生命及其生命的生存状况和生存意义,进一步完善德育课程体系,拓宽德育内容,塑造大学生的健康人格和积极向上的人生价值观。     

人口老龄化的经济社会后果——基于多层面与多维度视角的分析

人口老龄化的加剧对中国社会形成了巨大冲击。文章利用宏微观数据,系统梳理了人口老龄化对中国经济社会与文化、社区治理和家庭福祉的影响。研究发现:随着持续近40年的人口红利逐渐消失,中国宏观经济增长、社会保障体系、文化形态和公共政策都发生了诸多改变;社区服务供给和社区治理的复杂性也日渐提高;家庭养老资源日益萎缩,护理员面临总量短缺和结构失衡,照护活动给照料者的身心健康带来负向溢出效应。尽管人口老龄化给社会带来了诸多改变,但应乐观、科学辨证地审视这一现象。积极应对人口老龄化,应从推动产业转型升级、完善为老服务体制机制、提升养老服务质量等方面入手,真正让老年人共享社会经济发展的成果。     

Leisure Activities in Unemployed Emerging Adults: Links to Career Adaptability and Subjective Well‐Being

The present study examined if frequency and quality of 3 types of leisure activities (i.e., relaxation, achievement, and social) can function as protective factors for subjective well‐being (SWB) and career adaptability (CA) among 184 unemployed emerging adults (84 women, 100 men). Participants responded to measures of leisure frequency and quality, SWB, and CA. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the frequency of relaxation, achievement, and social leisure activities had no effect on SWB and CA. However, regression analyses indicated that the quality of social leisure activities significantly predicted SWB and the quality of achievement and social leisure activities significantly predicted CA. The quality of relaxation leisure activities was not associated with SWB and CA. Findings indicate that counselors who work with unemployed emerging adults can use leisure activities to promote SWB and CA. Future research to better understand the role of leisure in well‐being and career development among emerging adults is encouraged.     

孔子“仁”学体系的基础与提升--以《论语》为中心

论文对以往学界以训诂方法考察《论语》中“仁”的意义提出了质疑。仁字应该是人与人关系,后来才有价值倾向。在此基础上,作者按逻辑层次,从《论语》文本出发,逐一解析“仁”的意义。论文认为孔子对“仁”的意义更强调外在对他者的影响,为达到“仁”的目的,孔子设计了很多规范。与时人观念不同,孔子认为“仁”不等同于才干,与职守不一致,它是一种大爱,事功成就施诸外界社会。孔子仁学体系可以概括为：孝—忠—仁—圣发展模式。     

Widowhood and Well‐being in Europe: The Role of National and Regional Context

Researchers have documented that widows have lower levels of subjective well‐being than married individuals, but we still know little about how the regional and national contexts affect the impact of widowhood on well‐being. Building on social capital theory and using data from 5 rounds of the European Social Survey (N= 119,292 people, 206 regions, 23 countries), the authors tested how marital status composition at the national and regional levels affects the well‐being of widows. Widows fare worse in countries with high proportions of married people and in regions and countries with high proportions of widowed persons. The proportion of married individuals at the regional level does not affect their well‐being. These results are in line with the greedy marriage hypothesis, but varying effects at regional and national levels suggest that the standard explanation for this phenomenon, lack of individual social support, is not valid. This study demonstrates the importance of multiple contextual embeddedness.