Mortality analysis of persons with disabilities in Argentina by age,sex and duration of benefit, 2015–16

This article describes the differential mortality of Argentina’s disability pension beneficiaries during the 2015–16 period, based on National Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social – ANSES) payment records. It compares data for those with an assessed disability with overall population data, as well as with available international data (from Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States of America). In addition to breaking down mortality rates for people with disabilities by age and sex, it also factors in duration of benefit, establishing an inverse correlation between benefit duration and mortality.     

The performance of the income protection system for older adults in Ecuador and future challenges

The objective of this article is to analyse the performance of Ecuador’s pension system and the challenges it will face in the future. Over the last 13 years, the pension system has made significant advances in terms of coverage and adequacy. However, demographic ageing is straining the financial sustainability of the contributory scheme. In this context, a number of public policy areas are identified, in terms of parameters and structures, which, together with the expansion of non-contributory coverage, could provide a more equitable and sustainable scheme.     

Does a universal non-contributory social pension make sense for rural China?

China’s pension reform during the past three decades has allowed a majority of China’s population to be covered by a pension scheme. Of particular note has been the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS), a voluntary programme introduced starting in 2009. One goal of our analysis is to assess that pension scheme, using a variety of sources of information including data drawn from recent (2013 and 2015) nationwide China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys (CHARLS). Our analysis involves an exploration of differences between the generosity and structure of the NRPS and other pension schemes currently in place. We also explore the feasibility of reforming the current “quasi-social pension” component of the NRPS by substituting a universal non-contributory social pension pillar. In connection with our assessment of the NRPS, we note the unusually low benefit levels for rural China.     

Risk‐Cost‐Benefit Analysis for Transportation Corridors with Interval Uncertainties of Heterogeneous Data

Access management, which systematically limits opportunities for egress and ingress of vehicles to highway lanes, is critical to protect trillions of dollars of current investment in transportation. This article addresses allocating resources for access management with incomplete and partially relevant data on crash rates, travel speeds, and other factors. While access management can be effective to avoid crashes, reduce travel times, and increase route capacities, the literature suggests a need for performance metrics to guide investments in resource allocation across large corridor networks and several time horizons. In this article, we describe a quantitative decision model to support an access management program via risk‐cost‐benefit analysis under data uncertainties from diverse sources of data and expertise. The approach quantifies potential benefits, including safety improvement and travel time savings, and costs of access management through functional relationships of input parameters including crash rates, corridor access point densities, and traffic volumes. Parameter uncertainties, which vary across locales and experts, are addressed via numerical interval analyses. This approach is demonstrated at several geographic scales across 7,000 kilometers of highways in a geographic region and several subregions. The demonstration prioritizes route segments that would benefit from risk management, including (i) additional data or elicitation, (ii) right‐of‐way purchases, (iii) restriction or closing of access points, (iv) new alignments, (v) developer proffers, and (vi) etc. The approach ought to be of wide interest to analysts, planners, policymakers, and stakeholders who rely on heterogeneous data and expertise for risk management.     

电信运营商投资效益仿真研究——基于系统动力学视角

针对目前电信运营商投资效益分析方法单一的现状，依据电信运营商投资效益非线性、动态性等特征，运用系统动力学方法构建了电信运营商投资效益仿真模型，对电信运营商投资效益影响因素进行了仿真分析。结果表明网络设备延迟投入、综合造价等对投资效益影响较大，在此基础上，给出了电信运营商在针对投入产出水平和提升效益方面的建议。     

居民养老保险:参保主体、筹资与待遇水平

本文从参保结构、筹资水平和待遇水平等3个方面对城乡居民养老保险制度进行了分析。研究发现,在参保结构方面,伴随着城镇化率的提高,居民养老保险参保人数的相对比例在下降;在筹资水平方面,个人缴费水平过低,其主要原因是财政补贴资金激励性不足,从而需要在进一步提高财政补贴的同时,优化补贴结构,提高对个人缴费的激励作用;在待遇方面,居民养老金总体水平较低、但增长幅度较大,与职工待遇相比,替代率的差距要远远小于绝对额的差距。     

劳动力市场歧视成本究竟谁买单？*

本文基于雇主的性别歧视模型对长、短期劳动力市场歧视成本收益进行分析,研究表明,短期劳动力市场上歧视性雇主为歧视成本的“消费者”,被歧视的女性劳动力为歧视成本的“买单者”;长期劳动力市场上歧视性雇主和被歧视的女性劳动力都是歧视成本的“买单者”,而离职的不再被歧视的女性劳动力却成为抵抗歧视的“受益者”;无论在短期还是长期劳动力市场上歧视性雇主获得的利润都低于非歧视性雇主。劳动力市场歧视程度主要取决于劳动力供给数量、非歧视性雇主数量以及歧视性雇主的偏见程度。     

中国铁路信息化项目效益评价方法研究——以竞争力为导向的BAF法

本文以竞争力理论为指导,借鉴企业信息化测评指标体系设计的方法,从战略地位、系统应用水平、经济效益、社会效益和信息资源效益五方面考察我国铁路信息化项目效益,建立相应的评价指标体系,综合"BSC AHP FUZZY"提出铁路信息化项目效益评价的BAF法,给出有关评价步骤.     

对重婚罪的重新解读--兼对妨害婚姻、家庭罪整体搬迁之利弊分析

从实然的角度讲,现行刑法中重婚罪的主要法益是配偶在夫妻关系中要求对方忠实于自己的权利,次要法益才是一夫一妻制。被害人承诺配偶重婚的,重婚行为不构成犯罪。前后都是事实婚姻,不构成重婚罪。重婚罪是即成犯,追诉时效从犯罪成立之日起计算。现行刑法中遗弃罪的法益是需要扶助人的受扶助的权利,对象不限于家庭成员。妨害婚姻、家庭罪整体搬迁弊多利少。     

服务人员互动风格对顾客忠诚的影响研究:关系利益的中介作用

在竞争性环境中,服务人员的有效互动尤其重要.基于此,应用关系营销理论,构建服务人员不同互动风格对顾客忠诚的影响模型,探索不同关系利益在其中的中介作用.以北京某品牌汽车4S店为背景展开调查,运用结构方程模型进行实证研究.研究结果表明,服务人员互动导向型风格既对顾客忠诚产生直接的影响,还通过顾客感知的信任利益和社会利益对其产生间接影响;任务导向型和自我导向型互动风格仅通过顾客感知的信任利益对顾客忠诚产生间接影响.