民族记忆与文化基因--瑶族民族记忆中“中华民族共同体”文化基因的表征及其价值阐释

民族记忆既是传承民族文化基因的载体,也是彰显民族文化基因的重要文化表征。民族记忆作为延续民族历史和文化基因的内在根基,通过传承民族历史文化、建构民族身份、塑造民族形象等形式传承和彰显民族文化基因的内在特征。以瑶族为代表的少数民族文化基因是中华民族文化基因的重要组成部分,深入挖掘瑶族民族记忆中蕴含的“中华民族共同体”文化基因,并阐释其内在的价值与意义,对培育和铸牢我国各民族的“中华民族共同体”意识有着重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

蒲姑国的族属

根据古籍所记载的蒲姑国和蒲姑部落的名称、地域和史实 ,瑶族民间文献所记载的他们祖先的情况 ,以及苗瑶语和汉语的有关材料 ,作者认为 ,商代的蒲姑部落是瑶族的祖先 ,因此商代的蒲姑国也应该归属于瑶族。     

明清时期瑶族地区的学校教育

明清时期,瑶族地区的学校教育得到了前所未有的发展,封建统治阶级在瑶族地区大力兴办儒学、社学、义学,推动了瑶族子弟向学之风的形成,培养了一批瑶族知识分子。但受瑶族社会经济发展不平衡性的影响,瑶族地区教育发展的不平衡性亦十分突出,并一直影响至今。     

姚元之诗论

姚元之是清嘉、道时期一位重要的诗人，尝获“锜中风雅眉目”之美誉，今尚有《使沈草》、《廌青集》等诗集传世。姚元之善于以自身经历为基础进行诗歌创作，他的作品也因此具有较高的现实认知价值，这主要从民俗学价值和现实针砭意义两个方面体现出来。姚元之的诗歌创作能将诗情与画意熔铸于一炉，体现出简淡写意的艺术特征。     

From Yao to now: Daoism and the imperialization of the China/Southeast Asia borderlands

This article investigates the adoption of Daoist ritual among the Yao peoples in South China and mainland Southeast Asia. The Song Dynasty imperial court patronized new Daoist ritual traditions that harnessed martial deities such as the Thunder Gods. Although these traditions were mostly southern in origin, it is not until the Qing dynasty that we find evidence for their circulation among the Yao. After discussing historical representations of Yao religion from the Song to the Qing dynasty and the specific historical contexts that gave rise to each representation, I conclude by examining how beliefs and practices derived from these same Daoist ritual traditions were active among the Iu Mien in Laos during the Second Indochina War. What is needed is an analysis that links a specific ethnographic or historiographic representation with a broader understanding of local, regional, and even transnational ritual practices in the borderlands of China and Southeast Asia.     

Red states,blue states: How well do the recent national election labels capture state political and policy differences?

The alleged polarization between the so-called red (Republican) and blue (Democratic) states during the presidential elections has been examined using only voter surveys. Focusing on the recent thirteen national elections from 1964 to 2012, we examine social, political, institutional, and policy indicators of the 50 American states to (1) gauge the extent to which national election results reflect significant policy and political differences between the red and blue states and (2) to assess the explanatory power of the dichotomous red–blue label relative to a continuous variable of “redness” or “blueness” by the percentage of votes received. We find substantial political and some moderate social differences between red and blue states but fewer institutional and policy differences than one would expect if there were actually deep divisions between the states. We find that the red–blue state distinction performs well when compared to the explanatory power of the more precise redness or blueness of a state.     

姚莹《康輶纪行》对《卫藏图识》资料的重视与利用

姚莹《康輶纪行》是一部主要记今西藏及川西高原藏区史地及文化、民俗的著作。康藏之行及撰《康輶纪行》时，姚莹参考了《卫藏图识》等几部清代早期西藏地方志，从《卫藏图识》之《图考》上、下，《识略》上、下及《藏语》等卷中摘引了大量资料。姚莹重视《卫藏图识》的资料有迫切希望较深入地多方面了解西藏的原因。《康輶纪行》对《卫藏图识》资料的利用不仅量大，并具有利用其资料十分全面但又有重点等四个特点。姚莹对《卫藏图识》及资料价值的重视，说明《卫藏图识》修纂有特点，内容也显丰富，已是清代西藏地方志的代表性著作之一。     

论《尧典》为史传之祖

今文《尚书》之《尧典》叙述尧观象授时、举贤任能、巡狩四方等事迹，树立了高大光辉的明君形象。从其材料来源、思想观念、语言形式及战国典籍的征引等多方面来看，《尧典》应编成于春秋时期。其编者应是孔子，春秋时代官学下移、私学兴起，讲史之风盛行，孔门以讲史教学，故孔子有编辑旧史佚闻之举。从文体方面来看，《尧典》以人物为中心，以事件为骨干，与《商书》、《周书》誓、命、训、诰诸体差别较大，具备了“传记”的诸种因素。     

胡风研究:历史的还原与问题的凸显——对商金林、吴永平、解志熙诸先生胡风研究的考量

在新世纪,商金林、吴永平、解志熙等人在胡风研究方面做出了很大的成绩,得到了学界的关注.商金林对胡风1927年到1928年胡风编辑《武汉评论》和《策进》史料进行了详细论证,为学界贡献了新的材料,但其认为现代作家日记、书信中的胡风的负面形象更真实,这个观点似有商榷之处；吴永平在《隔膜与猜忌——胡风与姚雪垠的世纪纷争》中挖掘了大量史料,但其关于胡风文艺思想是“党的文学”的观点并不全然合理,且论述过程也有诸多不尽人意之处；解志熙认为胡风主张启蒙优先甚至启蒙优胜论的观点也与事实有一定的出入.总之,上述诸人在为胡风研究做出重要贡献的同时,也存在着诸般可供商榷的地方.     

认同与区分——民族服饰的族群语意表达

民族服饰通常被视作一个民族十分重要的外在标识,体现并强化着族群内部的认同及与他族的区分。然而,在一些多族杂居或不同民族相邻而居的地区,族属的不同很难通过服饰的形质来判断,但这并不意味着他们之间失去了认同的依据。一方面,想象中的差异帮助他们确认彼此间的距离;另一方面,事实上的共通之处又使他们保持友好和谐的关系。于是,在族际交流的情形下,服饰的＂大同小异＂更多地成为处理＂自我＂与＂他者＂关系的一种生存策略。