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1.
近日对我国著名电子光学和光电子成像专家周立伟院士进行了访谈。访谈中,周院士首先分享了自己学习英语和俄语的经历,强调了自主学习能力的重要性;其次,周院士详细论述了外语教学,尤其是英语教学的必要性,指出英语能力与科学研究紧密相关,英语教学不可或缺;之后周院士分析了研究生在英语学习和科学研究方面存在的问题,并讨论了大学中开设人文课程的迫切性;最后,周院士对上理工师生提出了建议与期望。  相似文献   
2.
数字革命的发生使20世纪下半叶以来备受关注的代沟问题又增添了新内涵,即数字鸿沟。老龄化社会与互联网时代的交叠引发了一种被称作代际学习的社会事实,代际学习过程正在导致一种新的代际形构,在从代际融合到社会整合这种静态结构层面,以及在从社会传承和社会更新这种动态发展维度,都呈现了诸多新的功能。而探究和认识这种新的代际形构及其功能正是社会学的学术使命所在,将研究成果运用于相关的社会政策、工作机制和实务领域,则是社会学的社会功能体现。  相似文献   
3.
Damage models for natural hazards are used for decision making on reducing and transferring risk. The damage estimates from these models depend on many variables and their complex sometimes nonlinear relationships with the damage. In recent years, data‐driven modeling techniques have been used to capture those relationships. The available data to build such models are often limited. Therefore, in practice it is usually necessary to transfer models to a different context. In this article, we show that this implies the samples used to build the model are often not fully representative for the situation where they need to be applied on, which leads to a “sample selection bias.” In this article, we enhance data‐driven damage models by applying methods, not previously applied to damage modeling, to correct for this bias before the machine learning (ML) models are trained. We demonstrate this with case studies on flooding in Europe, and typhoon wind damage in the Philippines. Two sample selection bias correction methods from the ML literature are applied and one of these methods is also adjusted to our problem. These three methods are combined with stochastic generation of synthetic damage data. We demonstrate that for both case studies, the sample selection bias correction techniques reduce model errors, especially for the mean bias error this reduction can be larger than 30%. The novel combination with stochastic data generation seems to enhance these techniques. This shows that sample selection bias correction methods are beneficial for damage model transfer.  相似文献   
4.
Environmental scanning is a broadly defined concept, having first received attention from scholars in the late 1960s. Over the years a number of similar and overlapping constructs have emerged in management literature. The aim of this study, via a systematic review and thematic analysis of relevant empirical research, is to consolidate foundation environmental scanning knowledge, demonstrate how scanning research has developed and fragmented over time, and propose an agenda for future research. The first contribution of our review is a new typology of environmental scanning research made up of five discrete research views, which provides a more comprehensive and contemporary overview of the field than previous studies. The second is a proposed agenda for future research that explicitly acknowledges the role of technology, an area that is presently underdeveloped in foundation scanning literature. The third contribution is to signpost future directions for research on scanning and organisational performance using a number of theoretical perspectives. The overall outcome of our review is to move scanning research on from increasingly incremental contributions concerned with context to a place where the changing role of technology and the mechanisms through which environmental scanning contributes to competitive advantage can be more thoroughly understood.  相似文献   
5.
以高中生为被试对象,以大陆漂移论为素材,研究外部视觉情绪设计对多媒体学习的影响。结果表明,接受情绪设计组(实验组)的积极情绪显著高于中性组(对照组);实验组与对照组内在认知负荷、相关认知负荷均无显著差异,外在认知负荷小于对照组;实验组保持测验成绩显著高于对照组,迁移测验成绩无差异。同时,外部视觉情绪设计能显著提高多媒体学习效果。外部视觉情绪设计的实验设计突破了已有研究300s学习素材的诱发时间,拓展了多媒体学习情绪设计的内涵。  相似文献   
6.
体验式学习的内涵随着时代的发展而逐渐丰富和深化,但无论其如何演变,直接经验和反思始终是体验式学习这一概念的内核。体验式学习理念渗透于美国教育文化之中。具体表现在:小学阶段的教育以学生的真实感知为基础,注重为学生提供真实体验的机会和激发学生的学习兴趣;中学尤其是高中阶段的教育以学生的真实体验为基础,注重为学生提供在新情境中检验所学知识的机会,注重学生知识、技能的内化吸收。美国中小学体验式学习的实施经验可为我国基础教育课程改革提供如下启示:(1)进一步树立和推广体验式学习理念;(2)创设学生进行真实体验的教学环境;(3)注重实施基于学生体验式学习的表现性评价。  相似文献   
7.
In the presence of rare disasters, risk perceptions may not always align with actual risks. These perceptions can nevertheless influence an individual's willingness to mitigate risks through activities such as purchasing flood insurance. In a survey of Maryland floodplain residents, we find that stated risk perceptions predict voluntary flood insurance take‐up, while perceptions themselves varied widely among surveyed residents, owing in large part to differences in past flood experience. We use a formal test for overoptimism in risk perceptions and find that, on aggregate, floodplain residents are overly optimistic about flood risks.  相似文献   
8.
Franz Buhr 《Mobilities》2018,13(3):337-348
This paper engages with the ‘mobility turn’ scholarship in order to provide tools for the study of migrants’ integration to urban space. The analysis of urban mobilities draws attention to the practical know-how that underlies mobility practices. I argue that migrants’ urban apprenticeship – that is, the ways migrants learn (to use) city spaces – shape their access to urban resources and their participation in urban life. Based on fieldwork conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, I explore how migrants’ urban knowledges play out in their everyday practices and resonate with broader concerns over migrant integration.  相似文献   
9.
This paper researches productivity in relation to domain complexity and the present knowledge capacity in an organisational context. The study is based on five very different case studies. Three studies are conducted in Denmark, Germany, Mexico and China and are related to knowledge transfer in the relocation of manufacturing facilities. Two studies investigate operation and automation of oil and gas production in the North Sea. The case study method involves semi-structured interviews, surveys, an analysis of historical production data and observations. Based on the findings from the field studies, the paper develops a conceptual framework that management can use for discussions of productivity, development of knowledge and design of learning programmes when considering changes in the complexity of a domain or a change in knowledge.  相似文献   
10.

Background

There is no current validated clinical assessment tool to measure the attainment of midwifery student competence in the midwifery practice setting. The lack of a valid assessment tool has led to a proliferation of tools and inconsistency in assessment of, and feedback on student learning.

Objective

This research aimed to develop and validate a tool to assess competence of midwifery students in practice-based settings.

Design

A mixed-methods approach was used and the study implemented in two phases. Phase one involved the development of the AMSAT tool with qualitative feedback from midwifery academics, midwife assessors of students, and midwifery students. In phase two the newly developed AMSAT tool was piloted across a range of midwifery practice settings and ANOVA was used to compare scores across year levels, with feedback being obtained from assessors.

Findings

Analysis of 150 AMSAT forms indicate the AMSAT as: reliable (Cronbach alpha greater than 0.9); valid—data extraction loaded predominantly onto one factor; and sensitivity scores indicating level of proficiency increased across the three years. Feedback evaluation forms (n = 83) suggest acceptance of this tool for the purpose of both assessing and providing feedback on midwifery student’s practice performance and competence.

Conclusion

The AMSAT is a valid, reliable and acceptable midwifery assessment tool enables consistent assessment of midwifery student competence. This assists benchmarking across midwifery education programs.  相似文献   
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