"机械设计"课程教学改革的基本思路

在课内学时大幅削减的形势下,对机械设计课程进行教学改革的基本思路是通过合理安排自学内容;在教学中合理分配课内学时,突出常用机械零件的设计方法;增加感性认识环节;更新教学手段等措施,保持并进而提高该课程的教学质量,提高学生的机械设计能力和分析、解决实际工程问题的能力.     

开设化学设计性实验的探索与实践

阐述开设设计性实验的意义,并在实践的基础上,给出了开设化学设计性实验的方案,总结了开设设计性实验的体会。     

几种药剂对石榴“麻皮“病的防治研究

2002～2003年,在会理县彰冠乡和海潮乡,对石榴“麻皮”病进行了化学防治试验,试验结果表明:大生M-45、信生交替使用;春雨一号、达柯宁、阿米西达交替使用防效最好。     

低浓度三分子反应模型双曲型反应－扩散方程的稳定性与化学振荡

考虑浓度扩散和扩散流随时间的变化，得到低浓度三分子反应模型的双曲型反应－扩散方程；讨论了方程的稳定性及存在行波解的条件，得到了化学振荡的色散关系和相速度．     

故障诊断技术的应用

介绍了在工程界已广泛应用的信号分析诊断及尚停留在实验室探索的裂纹分析诊断,模糊分析诊断的工作原理和应用实例。     

机械运动方案的模糊综合评价

机械运动方案的设计 ,最终要求通过分析比较确定最优的方案 .用实例介绍了模糊综合评价法在机械运动方案设计中的应用     

少学时机械制图教学改革探讨与实践

通过对少学时机械制图的教学改革与实践 ,针对少学时机械制图的现状 ,提出了适合该学时段的教学目的、教学内容、教学方法及教学体会 ,较好地解决了内容多而学时少所存在的矛盾 ,同时又突出了注重学生应用能力和创新能力的培养的教改思路。     

力学实验教学改革的探索与实践

力学实验作为力学课程中重要的实践性教学环节,对于培养工科学生用科学的方法来研究处理实际问题的能力和创新精神,提高学生的综合素质有着极其重要的作用.文章分析了力学实验教学改革的实践,探讨了提高力学实验教学效果的改革思路;提出要通过开发综合性与研究性实验项目,探索合理的实验教学模式,加强培养学生解决工程实际问题的能力及力学建模能力.     

试论日军在常德会战中使用化学武器的问题

日军在侵华战争期间,无视国际公约(法),在战场上频频使用化学武器,致使众多中国军民伤亡。大量史事证明,在1943年11月初至12月底的中日常德会战中,由于日本华中派遣军在作战中多次实施毒气(弹)攻击,致使中国第六、第九战区的参战部队伤亡惨重。此战中“日军使用毒气次数之多,为抗战以来所仅见”。     

Intuitive Toxicology: Expert and Lay Judgments of Chemical Risks

Human beings have always been intuitive toxicologists, relying on their senses of sight, taste, and smell to detect harmful or unsafe food, water, and air. As we have come to recognize that our senses are not adequate to assess the dangers inherent in exposure to a chemical substance, we have created the sciences of toxicology and risk assessment to perform this function. Yet despite this great effort to overcome the limitations of intuitive toxicology, it has become evident that even our best scientific methods still depend heavily on extrapolations and judgments in order to infer human health risks from animal data. Many observers have acknowledged the inherent subjectivity in the assessment of chemical risks and have indicated a need to examine the subjective or intuitive elements of expert and lay risk judgments. We have begun such an examination by surveying members of the Society of Toxicology and the lay public about basic toxicological concepts, assumptions, and interpretations. Our results demonstrate large differences between toxicologists and laypeople, as well as differences between toxicologists working in industry, academia, and government. In addition, we find that toxicologists are sharply divided in their opinions about the ability to predict a chemical's effect on human health on the basis of animal studies. We argue that these results place the problems of risk communication in a new light. Although the survey identifies misconceptions that experts should clarify for the public, it also suggests that controversies over chemical risks may be fueled as much by limitations of the science of risk assessment and disagreements among experts as by public misconceptions.