Finite mixture of regression models for a stratified sample

Despite the popularity and importance, there is limited work on modelling data which come from complex survey design using finite mixture models. In this work, we explored the use of finite mixture regression models when the samples were drawn using a complex survey design. In particular, we considered modelling data collected based on stratified sampling design. We developed a new design-based inference where we integrated sampling weights in the complete-data log-likelihood function. The expectation–maximisation algorithm was developed accordingly. A simulation study was conducted to compare the new methodology with the usual finite mixture of a regression model. The comparison was done using bias-variance components of mean square error. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted to assess the ability of the Bayesian information criterion to select the optimal number of components under the proposed modelling approach. The methodology was implemented on real data with good results.     

论数学教育中的数学观念体系

本文从培养数学观念的角度，就数学教育如何培养人们的科学思维方式和形成良好的思维习惯作一论述。     

Ethnicity, migration and health: A population-based study of 338 refugees from Latin America, 396 nonrefugee immigrants from Finland and 161 from southern Europe and 996 age-, sex- and education-matched controls from Sweden

This article shows the influence of being a refugee from Latin America or a nonrefugee immigrant from southern Europe or Finland on self-reported illness, controlling for social factors and lifestyle. The study population consisted of 338 Latin American refugees, a random sample of 396 Finnish and 161 southern European immigrants and 996 age-, sex- and education-matched Swedish controls. The data were analysed unmatched with logistic regression (multivariate analysis) in main effect models. The strongest independent risk indicator for long-term illness was being a Latin American refugee (estimated odds ratio (OR)=2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.19–3.82). There was a significant association between being a Latin American refugee and period prevalence, ill health and unsatisfied need for care. Being a southern European or Finnish immigrant was a risk indicator of ill health but was not associated with the other dependent factors. Not feeling secure in daily life was a strong risk indicator for long-term illness and ill health (estimated OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.26–2.76 and OR=3.04, 95% CI= 1.97–4.48) respectively). Being a Latin American refugee was equal in importance to traditional risk factors such as overweight and not taking regular exercise for long-term illness and ill health.     

鹅掌楸研究文献的计量评价

采用文献计量学的方法 ,对 1 979～ 2 0 0 1年间鹅掌楸文献量的变化趋势、分布规律、期刊文献学科类别、作者情况、学科分布进行了统计与分析 ,从侧面反映出鹅掌楸研究现状     

恩施自治州行政执法状况调查与分析

依法行政是依法治国的主要任务和关键所在。通过对恩施自治州的行政执法状况进行调查,结果表明:恩施自治州的行政执法在总体上是好的,但也存在诸多问题。     

实施股票期权的障碍分析

目前 ,在我国实施股票期权存在着认识上的障碍、法规的冲突和缺失以及操作上的诸多困难。这些问题产生的根本原因在于转轨时期我国公司治理结构和治理机制本身的制度性缺陷 ,也同我国特定的社会经济条件和历史文化传统相关     

藏族学生英语教学的认知依据和认知准备

教学的良好效果在很大程度上取决于教学的各个环节是否与学习者的认知模式相吻合 ,和教学双方在教学活动中充分的认知准备。由于独特的自然、历史和文化的影响 ,藏族学生具有明显的神秘、具象、经验和“比量”的群体认知趋向。在把握这些认知趋向的基础上 ,藏族英语教学可分别从教师、学生、教材和对教学主体模式的预知等四个方面完成前教学阶段的认知准备。同时 ,应充分意识到教学中的民族性和独特性 ,从而有效地促进藏族学生的英语学习。     

话语前提特定意义的选择

在特定语境中 ,话语的含义只有一个 ,却可能有多个前提 ,一个前提也可能有多重意义。那么 ,在会话过程中 ,说话者是如何设定话语前提的 ,听话者又是如何对话语前提进行选择和理解的 ?本文从分析前提感知的失误入手 ,运用逻辑分析方法 ,从认知语用学角度考察听话者对预设前提的感知 ,分析选择前提特定意义的原则、策略和过程 ,进而提出前提空间定位的心理模式。笔者认为前提的选择有逻辑 -语义分析、语用推理和整合等三种不同等级的策略 ;话语前提的选择是感知 -推理 -理解 -选择的探索性过程。由此得出结论 :认知环境是话语前提的决定性因素 ,话语前提的正确选择可再现话语的语境表征 ,为话语内涵的理解提供信息表征和推理依据———基于真值条件的最佳关联     

浅谈移情对儿童攻击性行为的影响

儿童的攻击性行为是儿童发展过程中表现出的一种不良社会性行为 ,对儿童攻击行为的控制与纠正一直是发展心理学研究的重要领域。移情作为儿童亲社会行为的重要促动因素 ,同时对攻击性行为具有较好的抑制作用。因此探讨利用移情减少攻击性以及培养提高儿童的移情能力对儿童的良性社会性发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

浅谈中小学合唱教学

本文通过对童声合唱艺术的重要性与训练中若干技术问题的分析 ,结合我国中小学音乐教育的实际状况而进行思考 ,认为在我国中小学音乐教育中 ,合唱教学应该占据与其地位相适应的位置 ;在合唱教学的具体实施中 ,要让中小学学生在曲目上有多样性的选择空间 ,以适应其生理与心理特点 ;学生所学的音乐知识应在合唱训练中得到全面的实践 ,从而使学生的艺术修养得到全面提升