劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响研究

借鉴已有相关研究成果,将劳动力转移、农业技术水平与城乡居民收入差距联系起来思考,可以具体地考察劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的影响.文章以农业技术水平作为门槛变量,选取2009—2019年中国31个省份的面板数据,利用泰尔指数测定城乡收入差距,以劳动力转移作为核心解释变量构建面板门槛模型,实证得出劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响.研究发现:劳动力转移可以缩小城乡居民收入差距,且该影响具有单一门槛效应.在农业技术水平较低时,劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距收敛效应较小;当农业技术水平越过门槛值达到较高水平后,劳动力转移对缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果几乎增加了一倍.此后,通过替换解释变量泰尔指数为城乡人均可支配收入比、替换核心解释变量农业技术水平为农业生产效率重新建立面板门槛模型,发现上述结论仍然成立,其检验结果具有较强的稳健性.文章将农业技术进步、劳动力转移、城乡居民收入差距这三个重要变量纳入同一模型框架中,在加深劳动力流动影响城乡居民收入差距这一视角的研究的同时,对缩小城乡居民收入差距政策的制定提供了重要的参考意义.     

局部平稳部分线性面板数据模型的统计推断

部分线性模型是一类非常重要的半参数回归模型,由于它既含有参数部分又含有非参数部分,与常规的线性模型相比具有更强的适应性和解释能力。文章研究带有局部平稳协变量的固定效应部分线性面板数据模型的统计推断。首先提出一个两阶段估计方法得到模型中未知参数和非参数函数的估计,并证明估计量的渐近性质,然后运用不变原理构造出非参数函数的一致置信带,最后通过数值模拟研究和实例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

外部视觉情绪设计对多媒体学习的影响

以高中生为被试对象，以大陆漂移论为素材，研究外部视觉情绪设计对多媒体学习的影响。结果表明，接受情绪设计组(实验组)的积极情绪显著高于中性组(对照组)；实验组与对照组内在认知负荷、相关认知负荷均无显著差异，外在认知负荷小于对照组；实验组保持测验成绩显著高于对照组，迁移测验成绩无差异。同时，外部视觉情绪设计能显著提高多媒体学习效果。外部视觉情绪设计的实验设计突破了已有研究300s学习素材的诱发时间，拓展了多媒体学习情绪设计的内涵。     

孰轻孰重：市场经济下能力培育与环境建设？——基于农户绿色技术采纳行为的实证

基于湖北省1 090份农户调研数据，以有机肥施用为例，构建Binary Logistic模型探究市场能力、市场环境对农户有机肥施用行为决策的影响机制及作用大小。结果表明：市场能力中主动收集信息对有机肥施用行为产生正向影响，而销售渠道建设却表现出负向影响，市场环境中产品质量检测、要素获取便捷性与地方品牌建设均起到了正向促进作用，且根据变量贡献率大小可知市场环境作用更为显著。进一步根据市场环境的调节效应检验得出，地方品牌建设在技术推广培训、销售渠道建设与农户绿色生产技术采纳行为之间均起到正向调节作用，这说明农户市场能力作用的有效发挥需基于一定的市场环境。基于此，建议加强农户市场能力培育、发挥市场环境的规范性作用、正确认识市场能力和市场环境的作用和定位，以便调动农户有机肥施用积极性，实现农业绿色发展。     

Kernel density estimation under negative superadditive dependence and its application for real data

In this paper, the kernel density estimator for negatively superadditive dependent random variables is studied. The exponential inequalities and the exponential rate for the kernel estimator of density function with a uniform version, over compact sets are investigated. Also, the optimal bandwidth rate of the estimator is obtained using mean integrated squared error. The results are generalized and used to improve the ones obtained for the case of associated sequences. As an application, FGM sequences that fulfil our assumptions are investigated. Also, the convergence rate of the kernel density estimator is illustrated via a simulation study. Moreover, a real data analysis is presented.     

A Graphical Tool for Interpreting Regression Coefficients of Trinomial Logit Models

Multinomial logit (also termed multi-logit) models permit the analysis of the statistical relation between a categorical response variable and a set of explicative variables (called covariates or regressors). Although multinomial logit is widely used in both the social and economic sciences, the interpretation of regression coefficients may be tricky, as the effect of covariates on the probability distribution of the response variable is nonconstant and difficult to quantify. The ternary plots illustrated in this article aim at facilitating the interpretation of regression coefficients and permit the effect of covariates (either singularly or jointly considered) on the probability distribution of the dependent variable to be quantified. Ternary plots can be drawn both for ordered and for unordered categorical dependent variables, when the number of possible outcomes equals three (trinomial response variable); these plots allow not only to represent the covariate effects over the whole parameter space of the dependent variable but also to compare the covariate effects of any given individual profile. The method is illustrated and discussed through analysis of a dataset concerning the transition of master’s graduates of the University of Trento (Italy) from university to employment.     

半参数空间ZISF的估计、分类与蒙特卡罗模拟

零无效率随机前沿模型（ZISF）包含随机前沿模型和回归模型，两模型各有一定的发生概率，适用于技术无效生产单元和技术有效生产单元同时存在的情形。本文在ZISF的生产函数中引入空间效应和非参函数，并假设回归模型的发生概率为非参函数，构建了半参数空间ZISF。该模型可有效避免忽略空间效应导致的有偏且不一致估计量，也避免了线性模型的拟合不足。本文对非参函数采用B样条逼近，使用极大似然方法和JLMS法分别估计参数和技术效率。蒙特卡罗结果表明：①本文方法的估计精度和分类精度均较高。随着样本容量的增大，精度增加。②忽略空间效应或者非参数效应，估计精度和分类精度降低，文中模型有存在必要性。③忽略发生概率的非参数效应会严重降低估计和分类精度，远大于忽略生产函数的非参数效应的影响。     

Leader negative feedback-seeking and leader effectiveness in leader-subordinate relationships: The paradoxical role of subordinate expertise

From a motivational perspective of feedback-seeking behavior, we examined the mediating role of leaders' negative feedback-seeking from subordinates in the relationship between the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) and subordinates' evaluation of leader effectiveness, along with the moderating role of subordinate expertise in the mediated relationship. Using 151 unique matched sets of leader and subordinate reports obtained from 5 large Korean companies, we found that the positive relationship between LMX and leader effectiveness was mediated by leaders' negative feedback-seeking. Additionally, the positive relationship between LMX and leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. Lastly, the indirect effect of LMX on leader effectiveness through leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. These findings were obtained after controlling for leaders' power distance and goal orientations that might influence their motives to seek or avoid feedback. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Language roulette – the effect of random placement on refugees’ labour market integration

Placement of refugees and subsequent labour market integration within a host country represents a key challenge for policymakers and has emerged as one of the most divisive topics in the public debate. Immigration policy in Switzerland adopts random placement of asylum seekers across its different language regions. Hence, this policy allows to estimate the causal effect of language skills on employment chances, as refugees are exogenously placed across regions where the spoken language could either match or deviate from individual language skills. The results of this ‘natural experiment’ indicate substantially higher probabilities of finding employment when asylum seekers are placed in regions with a lingua franca that matches their individual language skills. Additionally, the findings suggest that language course participation can offset the reduced likelihood of employment in cases of a language mismatch. While random placement of refugees may be desirable for political reasons, it is detrimental to the economic integration process. Thereby, the study draws relevant conclusions for a larger European immigration policy.     

“一带一路”沿线国家互联网基础设施的贸易效应——基于贸易成本和全要素生产率的中介效应分析

在"一带一路"建设背景下，研究阐释"一带一路"沿线国家互联网基础设施的贸易效应及其作用机制，对于当前中国优化沿线国家的互联网基础设施建设布局，有效激发贸易效应，应对外贸环境的不利冲击，具有重要的现实意义。文章基于贸易成本和全要素生产率的分析视角，构建2007-2017年中国与45个"一带一路"沿线国家的面板数据，运用中介效应模型实证考察"一带一路"沿线国家互联网基础设施的贸易效应。总体检验结果表明，"一带一路"沿线国家互联网基础设施有利于中国与沿线国家的双边贸易往来，且主要通过降低贸易成本而非提高全要素生产率来发挥贸易效应。异质性检验结果表明，无论区分贸易方向还是沿线国家经济发展差异，互联网基础设施都具有明显的贸易效应，其中：贸易成本的中介效应主要发生在沿线发达国家对中国进、出口贸易中；全要素生产率的中介效应主要发生在沿线国家对中国出口贸易以及沿线发展中国家对中国进出口贸易中。新形势下中国参与"一带一路"沿线国家的互联网基础设施建设，要注意合理布局和把握建设力度，既培育贸易增长新动能，也优化进出口贸易结构。