文化认知中定向思维模式的建构与解构——以中国少数民族文化范式为研究视阈

定向思维模式的建构与解构实际上反映出认知结构的二重性特征，两者在文化认知活动中可互为挹注共存于对立统一关系里。因此，对中国少数民族文化范式的研究，不仅要重视建构之功能催生的符号化文化构成，还应关注解构之功能显现的非常见的文化元素。同时，只有弄清楚定向思维模式的建构与解构在文化认知中的意涵，才能明确定向思维模式的“趋向”和“专注”特点以及“惰化”和“孤立”倾向，从而为牵及民族文化事项的认知固化与迁移提供理论工具并用以指导多元文化实践。     

Small‐sphere distributions for directional data with application to medical imaging

We propose novel parametric concentric multi‐unimodal small‐subsphere families of densities for p ? 1 ≥ 2‐dimensional spherical data. Their parameters describe a common axis for K small hypersubspheres, an array of K directional modes, one mode for each subsphere, and K pairs of concentrations parameters, each pair governing horizontal (within the subsphere) and vertical (orthogonal to the subsphere) concentrations. We introduce two kinds of distributions. In its one‐subsphere version, the first kind coincides with a special case of the Fisher–Bingham distribution, and the second kind is a novel adaption that models independent horizontal and vertical variations. In its multisubsphere version, the second kind allows for a correlation of horizontal variation over different subspheres. In medical imaging, the situation of p ? 1 = 2 occurs precisely in modeling the variation of a skeletally represented organ shape due to rotation, twisting, and bending. For both kinds, we provide new computationally feasible algorithms for simulation and estimation and propose several tests. To the best knowledge of the authors, our proposed models are the first to treat the variation of directional data along several concentric small hypersubspheres, concentrated near modes on each subsphere, let alone horizontal dependence. Using several simulations, we show that our methods are more powerful than a recent nonparametric method and ad hoc methods. Using data from medical imaging, we demonstrate the advantage of our method and infer on the dominating axis of rotation of the human knee joint at different walking phases.     

Strategic corporate sustainability performance of Chinese state-owned listed firms: A meta-frontier generalized directional distance function approach

Although sustainability recently became a key factor in social science, little progress has been made toward improving the measurement of sustainability performance. This paper proposes composite corporate sustainability performance indicators using a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. This advanced approach can measure the efficiency of corporate social responsibility activities by benchmarking, while simultaneously considering industrial heterogeneities, using the meta-frontier approach. First, we propose the concept of a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. Second, several standardized composite indicators related to corporate sustainability performance are developed. The meta-frontier directional distance function is estimated by solving a series of data envelopment analysis models. Chinese state-owned listed enterprises are then empirically examined using the proposed model. We find significant group heterogeneities in terms of corporate sustainability performance. We also derive some policy implications using the empirical results.     

On the Estimation of the Density of a Directional Data Stream

Many directional data such as wind directions can be collected extremely easily so that experiments typically yield a huge number of data points that are sequentially collected. To deal with such big data, the traditional nonparametric techniques rapidly require a lot of time to be computed and therefore become useless in practice if real time or online forecasts are expected. In this paper, we propose a recursive kernel density estimator for directional data which (i) can be updated extremely easily when a new set of observations is available and (ii) keeps asymptotically the nice features of the traditional kernel density estimator. Our methodology is based on Robbins–Monro stochastic approximations ideas. We show that our estimator outperforms the traditional techniques in terms of computational time while being extremely competitive in terms of efficiency with respect to its competitors in the sequential context considered here. We obtain expressions for its asymptotic bias and variance together with an almost sure convergence rate and an asymptotic normality result. Our technique is illustrated on a wind dataset collected in Spain. A Monte‐Carlo study confirms the nice properties of our recursive estimator with respect to its non‐recursive counterpart.     

趋向补语的非范畴化研究——基于语料库“V上”与“V下”的比较

趋向补语结构"V上"、"V下"的语义体系存在较大的差异,语义范畴经历了从空间域到时间域的转移,其转移过程具有实现方式的特定性和程度的差异性,这是非范畴化认知机制作用的结果,是人类认知不断深化和拓展的体现。     

参与构成移动事件的“非移动动词＋趋向词”格式——以“‘割’＋趋”为个案

非移动动词进入“[-移动]动＋趋”格式后可以参与构成移动事件,但由于非移动动词的特殊性,以往排斥在移动域之外,这是移动域的特别之处。移动事件归属移动域,“[-移动]动＋趋向词”格式参与构成的移动事件也不例外,这是应信息处理工作准确提取有关语义信息的需要考虑的。以“‘割’＋趋”格式为个案,通过与“‘切’＋趋”格式语义差异的对比,讨论非移动动词参与构成移动事件的认知原理,建议将[＋移动]趋向词归为移动域,并根据汉语趋向词的实际将表示移动的趋向词称为“趋向小品词”,将[-移动]趋向词称为“强势小品词”。     

激励的方向性偏差

在管理实践中,基于多种主客观原因,为促进员工努力工作而实施的激励措施激励员工努力的方向与组织需要的方向产生或大或小的偏离,不仅影响到了激励的力度,严重的甚至可能产生反作用。本文在阐述激励的方向性偏差的形态与激励结果的基础上,对激励的方向性偏差产生的原因进行分析,并予以实例进行佐证,同时就激励的方向性偏差的修正提出了建议。     

当前中国阶层流动固化趋向与治理路径分析——基于集团分利视角

阶层流动以精英流动为主要实现方式,精英流动受阻意味着阶层固化,阶层固化是集团分利的后果之一,是“机构僵化症”的同义语.中国在市场转型过程中形成了各类精英集团,精英集团的分利行为造成资源的集团式垄断,而阶层流动又以资源占有为前提,精英便趋于集团内或集团间复制,阶层固化趋势加剧.实现公平分利以建立良性精英流动机制、适度硬政权建设以打破分利集团联盟及制度变革与创新以重构利益格局是消除阶层固化的路径选择.     

“形趋势结构”的组织结构和语义特点

本文研究“形趋结构”的语法特点。通过对“形趋结构”的组织结构及语义特征的剖析 ,认为汉语不同性质单位的整合可导致兼容的互补结构 ,并构建互补而非匀质的语义系统     

二氧化碳约束下中国主要工业省区的能源技术效率

基于方向性环境距离函数，选择中国13个主要工业省区2002--2009年数据，对C02约束下各省区在规模报酬不变（CRS）和规模报酬可变（VRS）两模型下的能源技术效率进行测算。研究发现：总体上在考虑了CO2约束后，中国主要工业省区在生产前沿上的数目增多与测算所得能源技术效率明显高于不考虑有CO2的情形；VRS下得到的能源技术效率高于CRS下的效率；在最大化减少要素投入和C02的同时，增加期望产出得到的效率值最高，而只考虑个别变量所得效率值表现出普遍的无效率性；加快经济增长方式转变，调整产业结构、能源结构和绿色能源技术开发已成为工业发展的必然选择。