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1.
Traumatic stress can have detrimental effects on individuals, families, and communities. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is an evidence‐based intervention for decreasing individuals’ post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and has been tested in some of the most challenging contexts, such as in post‐conflict refugee camps. Although the focus of NET is on reducing individual PTSD symptoms, the impact of NET can be seen beyond the individual level. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the ecological implications of using NET with trauma‐affected populations in low‐resource settings. We describe the implications of NET at the family, community, and sociopolitical levels using several case examples. Finally, we outline limitations and future directions for improving the delivery of NET in settings with limited resources.  相似文献   
2.
随着生态文明建设的深入推进,积极推动环境保护行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接,有利于发挥刑事司法对环境法益的保护功能,推动生态文明和美丽中国建设。目前,我国环境保护行政执法与刑事司法衔接存在案件移送率较低、案件移送标准不明确、证据转换比较困难、检测鉴定难度大、网络信息共享平台不顺畅等问题。为了进一步完善环境保护行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制,当前应积极推进五项工作:构建考核评价机制,确保案件积极移送;制定案件移送标准,提高案例移送受理率;明确证据转换规则,提高证据采信度;健全检测鉴定机制,确保鉴定意见可信度;构建网络信息共享平台,推动信息资源共享。  相似文献   
3.
社交软件在互联网、大数据时代得到了飞速发展,网络聊天证据在民事诉讼中的运用增长迅速。网络聊天证据能否合法有效地收集对最大限度地再现案件真实和实体正义的实现影响甚巨。鉴于网络聊天证据在实务中采信率较低的司法现状,有必要对聊天证据收集的指导原则加以明确,并在此基础上对收集程序和取证主体等配套制度予以完善,赋予网络服务商之法定协助取证义务,以寄望破解当前网络聊天证据原件模糊、取证主体受限、成本高昂之困境。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

The cost and time of pharmaceutical drug development continue to grow at rates that many say are unsustainable. These trends have enormous impact on what treatments get to patients, when they get them and how they are used. The statistical framework for supporting decisions in regulated clinical development of new medicines has followed a traditional path of frequentist methodology. Trials using hypothesis tests of “no treatment effect” are done routinely, and the p-value < 0.05 is often the determinant of what constitutes a “successful” trial. Many drugs fail in clinical development, adding to the cost of new medicines, and some evidence points blame at the deficiencies of the frequentist paradigm. An unknown number effective medicines may have been abandoned because trials were declared “unsuccessful” due to a p-value exceeding 0.05. Recently, the Bayesian paradigm has shown utility in the clinical drug development process for its probability-based inference. We argue for a Bayesian approach that employs data from other trials as a “prior” for Phase 3 trials so that synthesized evidence across trials can be utilized to compute probability statements that are valuable for understanding the magnitude of treatment effect. Such a Bayesian paradigm provides a promising framework for improving statistical inference and regulatory decision making.  相似文献   
5.
This study explored United States-based social workers’ (N = 152) attitudes toward, access to, and confidence in engaging in evidence-based practice (EBP), the extent to which social work education prepared them to engage in EBP, and the factors that contributed to their identification as an evidence-based practitioner. Findings indicated that although practitioners had a positive attitude toward engaging in EBP, they were only moderately confident in doing so, rarely accessed evidence, and were only moderately prepared through their education. Believing that EBP should be implemented, more educational preparation, and positive attitudes contributed to greater identification as an evidence-based practitioner, areas that social work and continuing education should further support to enhance social workers’ EBP skills.  相似文献   
6.
ABSTRACT

This article explores the technical limitations of audio recordings and how those limitations impact the reliability of sound evidence in police use of force cases. In audiovisual recordings, audio is often assumed neutral, redundant or to have the same limitations as its visual counterpart. Bringing together film theorist Michel Chion’s concept of audio-vision and the technical specifications of mobile audio recording, this article highlights how design priorities and compression processes can influence the way sound evidence is perceived. By failing to acknowledge audio recordings as distinct from their visual counterparts, they are rendered invisible and are therefore under scrutinized throughout legal processes. This neglect becomes notably problematic in cases of police use of force where audio/visual recordings often work to bolster the already privileged officer testimony.  相似文献   
7.
新刑事诉讼法在总结实践经验的基础上进一步规范和完善了我国非法证据排除规则。该规则的确立和应用将对反贪侦查工作带来巨大的影响和挑战,也将对办案人员的素质提出更高的要求。要保障反贪侦查工作依法、持续、健康开展,就必须对非法证据排除规则进行理智辩证的对待、认真细致的研究和积极主动的应对。以章国锡受贿案为透视,提出了在反贪侦查工作中,严格执行收集证据的禁止性规定,全面落实全程同步录音录像制度,提高侦查人员出庭作证的应对能力,建立非法证据排除的预警机制和做好证据的事后补正等应对非法证据排除规则之对策。  相似文献   
8.
在刑事非法证据排除规则的具体运用中,"非法证据"的界定是当然前提。非法证据并非是任一证据合法性要件欠缺的广义非法证据,而专指取证主体通过严重非法的手段或者侵犯公民基本权利的方式所获取的证据材料。我国刑事非法证据包括非法言词证据和非法实物证据两类,两类非法证据在实际判断中虽存在差异,但都应围绕取证手段的非法性展开,分别考察取证手段是否违反法律规定以及违法的严重程度,以准确界定刑事非法证据的范围。  相似文献   
9.
传统三性说在刑事诉讼中理解和适用均存在困难,尤其是无法准确解释中国法语境中的瑕疵证据、情况说明等证据问题,这是需对传统三性说进行理论完善的主要原因。通过证据认定案件事实的过程,可以划分为证据过程与证明过程。表达证据过程的参数是证据能力和证据力,表达证明过程的参数是证明能力和证明力。按照四属性说,瑕疵证据在法律性质上属于证据力待定,不是证据能力待定或者可补正排除的非法证据;在案件实体法事实证明问题上,应当总体否定情况说明的证明效力,建立明确的证明能力禁止规则。四属性说比三性说更具有知识性和实用性,比两性说更加准确和适用,是一具有理论拓展价值和历史承继性质的证据属性理论。  相似文献   
10.
Federal and other regulatory agencies often use or claim to use a weight of evidence (WoE) approach in chemical evaluation. Their approaches to the use of WoE, however, differ significantly, rely heavily on subjective professional judgment, and merit improvement. We review uses of WoE approaches in key articles in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature, and find significant variations. We find that a hypothesis‐based WoE approach, developed by Lorenz Rhomberg et al., can provide a stronger scientific basis for chemical assessment while improving transparency and preserving the appropriate scope of professional judgment. Their approach, while still evolving, relies on the explicit specification of the hypothesized basis for using the information at hand to infer the ability of an agent to cause human health impacts or, more broadly, affect other endpoints of concern. We describe and endorse such a hypothesis‐based WoE approach to chemical evaluation.  相似文献   
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