河北省电子认证发展现状及对策建议

电子认证是保障网络及信息安全的重要手段。通过对河北省电子认证工作现状、取得的成绩和存在问题进行深入剖析,提出创新政府监管,加强人力、物力投入,鼓励开展跨省、跨境互认,推动电子认证服务创新升级,开展跨地区、跨行业电子认证协同,共建全国性密码与密钥基础设施等发展建议。     

Where college students look for vaping information and what information they believe

Abstract

Objective: This convergent mixed methods study examined how information sources influence college students’ beliefs and knowledge about vaping. Participants: College students either completed a survey (n?=?522; January–April, 2016) or were interviewed (n?=?33; 2015–2016). Methods: College students completed an online survey asking ‘where’ students had heard about e-cigarette and ‘what’ they had heard. Responses were quantified and a chi-square analysis was conducted. Additional college student e-cigarette users were interviewed about the credibility of information sources. Thematic analysis was conducted with the coded interviews. Results: There was a significant relationship between information sources for e-cigarettes (social sources, media, advertising, education/research) and the messages they recalled. Friends who vaped and e-cigarette users were the most credible information sources. Confirmation bias and scientific impotence bias characterized assessment of e-cigarette information. Conclusions: Health education specialists working on college campuses should provide accurate information via communication channels most unitized by college students.     

Negotiating Accessibility for Electronic Resources

Abstract

Accessibility of library electronic resources is a must. Its importance derives from professional ethics of librarianship, rising total costs of acquisition, and mounting legal challenges to colleges and universities that fail to provide resources accessible to users with disabilities. Library staff are responsible for ensuring the accessibility of vendor-licensed eresources. This column reviews the accessibility clauses of nine model license agreements for electronic resources. It describes terms that should go into an optimal accessibility clause and creates a composite model clause. It also provides guidance for library staff seeking to negotiate stronger accessibility language into vendor license agreements. Finally, it addresses the impact of accommodation requests on the total cost of acquiring library eresources, concluding with a call to redouble efforts to advocate for greater accessibility and educate both vendors and library staff about its importance.     

电子校务在地方高校考务管理中的应用现状及对策

电子校务是国家电子政务建设的重要组成部分，是学校应用现代信息化通信技术、借助互联网对管理和服务进行的优化和创新，电子校务在高校中的应用虽然取得了一定的成效，作为教务管理模块中的考务管理却鲜有被涉及。课程考试是我国高校教务管理工作中的一项重要工作，考务管理则是保证对学生进行有效考核的基础。因此，如何利用先进管理理念和信息化技术手段对考务管理模式进行优化，提高高校人才培养质量，已成为高校亟待研究、解决的问题。     

社会化电子商务中卖家与非卖家信息分享行为差异

  目前社会化电子商务对用户分享行为的激励措施单一，缺乏吸引力，急需个性化的、有针对性的激励方式。社会化电子商务网站上，除了普通用户分享产品和购物信息外，一些电子商务卖家也分享产品相关信息以吸引消费者，拥有不同身份属性的用户被不同因素所激励。因此，为了设计个性化的激励方式，社会化电子商务平台需要进一步了解激励用户信息分享行为的关键因素的影响强度是否随着卖家与非卖家身份属性的不同而有所差异。         基于社会认知理论提出影响用户分享行为的关键因素，包括预期个人结果、预期社区结果和自我效能。采用目标理论，认为卖家为自我卷入型用户，非卖家为任务卷入型用户，并对卖家和非卖家不同身份用户的信息分享行为影响因素的差异建立理论研究模型。采用问卷调查法收集1 177位社会化电子商务用户的信息分享意愿及其影响因素的相关数据，运用Spss 19.0进行测量模型和t检验分析，以验证假设。         研究结果表明，结果期望和自我效能对信息分享意愿的影响强度在卖家与非卖家之间有显著的差异，卖家的分享意愿更多地受到预期个人结果和自我效能的影响，非卖家的分享意愿受到预期社区结果的影响。         研究结果拓展了社会化电子商务领域关于信息分享行为的相关研究，为后续研究提供了可能性。建议电子商务网站运营者在制定和实施激励计划时，应充分考虑用户的不同身份属性，有针对性地提供激励，以最大化地鼓励用户参与，保障网站健康发展。     

Document Delivery as a Supplement or Replacement for Serial Subscriptions

Abstract

Increasing serials costs and shrinking budgets present challenges for academic libraries to continue providing sufficient access to scholarly articles. Rapid document delivery services can serve as an effective means to fill the gap caused by serials cancellations. This column examines several of the existing document delivery service providers and addresses issues involved in their implementation.     

Propensity score prediction for electronic healthcare databases using super learner and high-dimensional propensity score methods

ABSTRACT

The optimal learner for prediction modeling varies depending on the underlying data-generating distribution. Super Learner (SL) is a generic ensemble learning algorithm that uses cross-validation to select among a ‘library’ of candidate prediction models. While SL has been widely studied in a number of settings, it has not been thoroughly evaluated in large electronic healthcare databases that are common in pharmacoepidemiology and comparative effectiveness research. In this study, we applied and evaluated the performance of SL in its ability to predict the propensity score (PS), the conditional probability of treatment assignment given baseline covariates, using three electronic healthcare databases. We considered a library of algorithms that consisted of both nonparametric and parametric models. We also proposed a novel strategy for prediction modeling that combines SL with the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) variable selection algorithm. Predictive performance was assessed using three metrics: the negative log-likelihood, area under the curve (AUC), and time complexity. Results showed that the best individual algorithm, in terms of predictive performance, varied across datasets. The SL was able to adapt to the given dataset and optimize predictive performance relative to any individual learner. Combining the SL with the hdPS was the most consistent prediction method and may be promising for PS estimation and prediction modeling in electronic healthcare databases.     

Underground testing: Name-altering practices as probes in electronic music

Name-altering practices are common in many creative fields—pen names in literature, stage names in the performing arts, and aliases in music. More than just reflecting artistic habits or responding to the need for distinctive brands, these practices can also serve as test devices to probe, validate, and guide the artists’ active participation in a cultural movement. At the same time, they constitute a powerful probe to negotiate the boundaries of a subculture, especially when its features are threatened by appropriation from the mass-oriented culture. Drawing evidence from electronic music, a field where name-altering practices proliferate, we outline dynamics of pseudonymity, polyonymy, and anonymity that surround the use of aliases. We argue that name-altering practices are both a tool that artists use to probe the creative environment and a device to recursively put one’s creative participation to the test. In the context of creative subcultures, name-altering practices constitute a subtle but effective form of underground testing.     

资源禀赋、电商认知与家庭农场主电子商务采纳行为

基于河北、江西和云南3省893个家庭农场调研数据,研究了资源禀赋、电商认知、政府扶持对家庭农场主电子商务采纳行为的影响机理。结果表明:资源禀赋中的家庭农场主受教育程度、电商培训和农产品特色明显程度对其电子商务行为采纳及采纳程度有显著正向影响;年龄、注册品牌、绿色或有机认证、产品深加工对采纳程度有显著正向影响;组织化和电商认知对电子商务采纳行为有显著正向影响;政府扶持对电子商务行为采纳具有显著正向影响,且对资源禀赋、电商认知 电子商务行为采纳及采纳程度关系中有正向调节效应。在此基础上,提出培育农产品电商品牌,提升农场主电商运营能力,创新电商经营模式和提高家庭农场组织化程度等建议。