权利和义务之合法性——诺齐克正义理论之评析

社会公平原则下有关的基本权利和义务问题既是社会学、政治学和法哲学的基本命题,同时也关涉到社会学、政治学和法哲学的基本方法问题.运用这种基本方法能够有效地分析个人进入政治社会后,作为政治社会组织的成员所应享有法律上的基本权利和义务,以及在政治社会的自然人、公民和国家之间特殊的关系.基于此,诺齐克作为权利的正义理论无疑是对罗尔斯作为公平的正义以及哈特的公平理论的反思和完善,从而使我们深刻地理解西方社会正义理论下的公平规则.     

个性化契约对员工契约寻求行为的影响机制研究

近年来,随着员工工作需求的日益多样化和员工工作自主性的日渐提升,越来越多的企业开始通过与员工达成个性化的工作契约的方式,以保留和激励优秀员工.基于503名员工的调查数据,从社会信息加工理论的视角出发,运用层次回归分析方法检验个性化契约与员工契约寻求行为之间的关系,并探讨心理特权的中介作用和员工谦卑性的调节作用.研究结果表明:个性化契约能够正向影响员工的心理特权和契约寻求行为;心理特权在个性化契约和契约寻求之间起部分正向中介作用;谦卑性对个性化契约与心理特权之间的关系起负向调节作用;谦卑性进一步负向调节了心理特权在个性化契约与契约寻求之间的正向中介作用.建议管理者要谨慎处理个性化契约;可通过干预员工的心理特权来约束和规范员工的契约寻求行为;在签订个性化工作协议过程中要关注员工的个人谦卑性差异.     

“The only equality is the pain”: An exploration of the Irish policy sphere's approach to “access” and “entitlement” in health care

This paper critically analyses how overarching policy goals and practices surrounding access and entitlement to health care (HC) have been dominated by a conflicting system of libertarian and equity-based principles. We examine how this mixed-motives system originated and the importance of policy legacies inherited from the Poor Laws era in shaping modern conceptions of access and entitlement to HC. We also considered how these determined the scope of state intervention in this policy domain. Drawing on empirical evidence and interviews with key stakeholders in Irish health policy, we explored the appetite to engage in meaningful HC reforms that address the growing gaps of inequity between higher and lower socio-economic groups in society. Rather than emulating European counterpartsapos; emphasis on universal coverage within an egalitarian paradigm, Irish policy actors have sought to instill a spirit of fairness in HC delivery. Under the guise of equality of opportunity and equity, the policy focus has centred on directing publicly funded HC towards lower-income groups and the most vulnerable in Irish society. However, we argue that the operation of the mixed-motives structure has also created conflict and policy ambiguity surrounding overarching goals which frame the governance and consumption of HC in Ireland. This is evidenced by the dysfunction and complexity of the two-tier system of public-versus-private access to HC services. Ultimately, we argue that the policy aspirations of equality that underpin the HC structures surrounding access and entitlement should be revisited to achieve greater health outcomes and create a more equal society.     

当代两种不同的正义模式论析——罗尔斯与诺奇克的正义思想评述

罗尔斯和诺奇克分别提出了公平正义论与权利正义论。这两种不同的正义模式既有分歧，又有相通性。作为当代新自由主义者的罗尔斯和古典自由主义者的诺奇克都旨在为现代社会提供一种更为公平合理的社会发展方案。重视和研究当代这两种不同的正义模式，对于构建中国特色社会主义社会的正义观具有重要的启迪和借鉴作用。     

贫困地区的妇女赋权和生育控制

妇女赋权是生殖健康的核心内容之一，它通过赋予妇女权力和机会，转变那些客观上存在性别歧视和社会不平等的一些结构和制度，增强妇女在社会、政治、经济上的权力，实现性别的平等与发展，改善妇女地位，使妇女生育率客观上得到控制。本文从妇女赋权的角度出发，通过妇女赋权对生育水平影响的路径分析来探讨从根本上解决贫困地区控制人口的可能途径：通过实现妇女赋权，增强妇女的自主性、独立性，促使妇女地位的提高，从而使妇女的状况得以改变，降低生育率。     

粮食危机、获取权与1959-1961年大饥荒的再解释

无论诉诸于农民退社权的剥夺、公共食堂,还是从政府救济能力、城市偏向的供应制度,这些单个因素或视角的解释不能让人信服地理解大饥荒发生的真正机制与根源。将解释大饥荒的各种因素纳入到一个能够包容各种假说在内的系统的政治经济学模型,增加了一些被现有文献所忽视的因素如家庭储备与社区共济机制失灵等因素。对大饥荒研究存在的两个重要争论是可以得到消解的,显然,关于大饥荒发生的解释应该同时侧重于粮食生产领域和分配领域,而关于Sen的粮食获取权理论也同样适用于对非市场经济的大饥荒进行解释。     

试论我国地下水资源的法律保护

我国地下水的开发存在过量开采、无序开采等问题,并进而引发了一系列的环境地质灾害。要保护地下水资源必须建立市场化的水权流转交易机制及建立健全相关制度,推动循环经济下的水资源保护,改革水资源管理体制,强化环境行政执法。     

Capabilities,human value and profound disability: capability theory and its application to theatre,music and the use of humour

According to capability theory, we can identify everything that is of fundamental importance in the lives of people with profound and multiple learning difficulties and disabilities if we take full account of their human capabilities. In this paper I both acknowledge the contribution of capability theory to our understanding of the condition of profoundly disabled people and express some scepticism about the extent of that contribution, suggesting that there is more to the value of a human being than an audit of their capabilities might reveal. I explore human capabilities as discussed by Martha Nussbaum, and in connection with theatre, music and the use of humour.     

Social Security in Italy

The United States is confronting two simultaneous demographic shifts with profound implications for public policy: population aging and increasing diversity. These changes are accelerating during a dramatic economic downturn, placing entitlement reform prominently on the national policy agenda. Using decennial census data from 2000, this paper examines the nexus of these trends by examining characteristics of Latino baby boomers. In the census data, Latinos constituted 10% of the 80 million boomers; roughly one-third of Latino boomers (37%) were born in the United States or abroad to a U.S. parent; 6% were born in a U.S. territory; 21% were naturalized citizens; and 36% were noncitizens. Compared to non-Latinos, Latino baby boomers had lower levels of education, home ownership, and investment income and higher rates of material hardship and poverty; however, there was considerable variation based on citizenship status. A better understanding of Latino baby boomers will help policy makers anticipate the retirement needs of baby boomers as the United States prepares for the aging of a racially and ethnically diverse population.