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1.
近年来,作为新型网络底层架构技术的区块链已经开始应用于社会治理领域,为国家治理能力现代化提供了新的着力点。人类面对灾疫的实践活动既是社会非常状态下的治理活动,又是道德意志驱动的伦理实践。区块链技术因其具有多维价值特征与灾疫治理的伦理目标高度契合,有望为现有灾疫治理体系进行赋能。同时,作为一项新兴的技术手段和灾疫治理架构,区块链赋能灾疫治理的伦理风险在于其可能超越了治理活动的边界。因此,需要警惕区块链技术对灾疫治理可能存在的价值偏离。  相似文献   
2.
2020年,我国第一季度GDP同比下降6.8%,消费、投资两大引擎均呈现显著的负增长,新冠肺炎疫情对国民经济和居民生活造成了巨大的冲击。文章通过对“非典”时期与新冠肺炎疫情时期我国经济发展状况的比较分析,研究数字经济发展对经济的影响。结果表明,现阶段我国产业结构和互联网发展程度相比“非典”时期有显著变化,在线医疗、在线教育、电商送货、在线办公等数字经济产业是我国应对疫情不利影响、实现产业转型升级并稳定就业的新引擎。加快推动数字经济和各行业的深度融合,是我国数字经济发展的重点方向。  相似文献   
3.
以往的疫情报告表明,小规模养殖方式的存在是导致疫情爆发的主要根源。如何对小规模养殖方式实施监督是重建整个疫情规训设置的重中之重。然而,调查表明,现有疫情规训机制是基于现代养殖场的风险管理模式建立的,不论“知识-权力”设置,还是管理技术都难以对小规模养殖方式和散养方式实施有效监管。而且,在整个乡村,盛行着工业化养殖文化(现代养殖文化)和有机养殖文化(传统养殖文化)的话语权之争。因此,为了应对碎片化风险管理现状,不仅需要进一步完善现有的“知识-权力”设置,而且需要重新定义工业化养殖文化,以克服现有“混杂性”小规模养殖方式的诟病,真正建立有效的疫情管理机制。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

This article contributes to discussions on the gender dimensions of disease outbreaks, and preparedness policies and responses, by providing a multi-level analysis of gender-related gaps, particularly illustrating how the failure to challenge gender assumptions and incorporate gender as a priority at the global level has national and local impacts. The implications of neglecting gender dynamics, as well as the potential of equity-based approaches to disease outbreak responses, is illustrated through a case study of the Social Enterprise Network for Development (SEND) Sierra Leone, a non-government organisation (NGO) based in Kailahun, during the Ebola outbreak.  相似文献   
5.
新型冠状病毒疫情给社会各领域都带来了严重的影响。文章拟从疫情的不可抗力性角度展开,认定疫情作为不可抗力需具备特定的地域范围和合同履行受阻与疫情之间需具有因果关系这两个识别因素。作为不可抗力,疫情会引起债务人违约责任的全部免除、部分免除、推迟履行以及合同的解除和变更等法律效果;因各种类型的合同的属性不同,在具体适用不可抗力规则时会有所差异。在分析了疫情的法律性质和法律效果的基础上,拟从法律法规体系的构建、司法裁判的规范、合同条款的设置、人与自然的关系等几个方面对疫情的防控提出建议。  相似文献   
6.
人民健康是人民福祉之本、强国建设之基。习近平关于人民健康重要论述基于“健康中国”战略和全面建成小康社会的 时代背景下,针对突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力滞后以及传染病等问题,系统阐述了习近平把人民群众生命安全和身体健 康放在第一位;以人民为中心,以健康为根本的思想;大卫生、大健康新理念;人民健康是最大的生产力;人民健康是全面的健 康以及习近平关于新冠肺炎防控的思想内涵。通过研究习近平关于人民健康重要论述的实践价值,有利于推进国家治理体系 和治理能力现代化,更好地应对国内出现的重大疫情,实现“健康中国2030”战略,维护国家安宁与国际稳定,更好地体现中国 防疫经验的世界意义。  相似文献   
7.
Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are normally used to model dynamic processes in applied sciences such as biology, engineering, physics, and many other areas. In these models, the parameters are usually unknown, and thus they are often specified artificially or empirically. Alternatively, a feasible method is to estimate the parameters based on observed data. In this study, we propose a Bayesian penalized B-spline approach to estimate the parameters and initial values for ODEs used in epidemiology. We evaluated the efficiency of the proposed method based on simulations using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the Kermack–McKendrick model. The proposed approach is also illustrated based on a real application to the transmission dynamics of hepatitis C virus in mainland China.  相似文献   
8.
ABSTRACT

In the case of a disease spreading over a time-scale comparable to the average lifetime in a host population, when the infectiousness of individuals depends on the tine since the onset of infection and when infections involve both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of a pathogen, resistance may develop during the treatment of drug-sensitive strains. If increasing the treatment rate reduces the reproduction number of the drug-sensitive strain to a value below the reproduction number of the drug-resistant strain, then the disease may persist at a boundary equilibrium where only drug-resistant infection is present.  相似文献   
9.
The aim of this paper is to propose methods of detecting change in the coefficients of a multinomial logistic regression model for categorical time series offline. The alternatives to the null hypothesis of stationarity can be either the hypothesis that it is not true, or that there is a temporary change in the sequence. We use the efficient score vector of the partial likelihood function. This has several advantages. First, the alternative value of the parameter does not have to be estimated; hence, we have a procedure that has a simple structure with only one parameter estimation using all available observations. This is in contrast with the generalized likelihood ratio-based change point tests. The efficient score vector is used in various ways. As a vector, its components correspond to the different components of the multinomial logistic regression model’s parameter vector. Using its quadratic form a test can be defined, where the presence of a change in any or all parameters is tested for. If there are too many parameters one can test for any subset while treating the rest as nuisance parameters. Our motivating example is a DNA sequence of four categories, and our test result shows that in the published data the distribution of the four categories is not stationary.  相似文献   
10.
Abstract. A stochastic epidemic model is defined in which each individual belongs to a household, a secondary grouping (typically school or workplace) and also the community as a whole. Moreover, infectious contacts take place in these three settings according to potentially different rates. For this model, we consider how different kinds of data can be used to estimate the infection rate parameters with a view to understanding what can and cannot be inferred. Among other things we find that temporal data can be of considerable inferential benefit compared with final size data, that the degree of heterogeneity in the data can have a considerable effect on inference for non‐household transmission, and that inferences can be materially different from those obtained from a model with only two levels of mixing. We illustrate our findings by analysing a highly detailed dataset concerning a measles outbreak in Hagelloch, Germany.  相似文献   
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