广义孙子定理

给出了一次同余式组的解的计算公式.     

A Five-Decision Testing Procedure to Infer the Value of a Unidimensional Parameter

ABSTRACT

A statistical test can be seen as a procedure to produce a decision based on observed data, where some decisions consist of rejecting a hypothesis (yielding a significant result) and some do not, and where one controls the probability to make a wrong rejection at some prespecified significance level. Whereas traditional hypothesis testing involves only two possible decisions (to reject or not a null hypothesis), Kaiser’s directional two-sided test as well as the more recently introduced testing procedure of Jones and Tukey, each equivalent to running two one-sided tests, involve three possible decisions to infer the value of a unidimensional parameter. The latter procedure assumes that a point null hypothesis is impossible (e.g., that two treatments cannot have exactly the same effect), allowing a gain of statistical power. There are, however, situations where a point hypothesis is indeed plausible, for example, when considering hypotheses derived from Einstein’s theories. In this article, we introduce a five-decision rule testing procedure, equivalent to running a traditional two-sided test in addition to two one-sided tests, which combines the advantages of the testing procedures of Kaiser (no assumption on a point hypothesis being impossible) and Jones and Tukey (higher power), allowing for a nonnegligible (typically 20%) reduction of the sample size needed to reach a given statistical power to get a significant result, compared to the traditional approach.     

Another economy: towards a cultural dialectics between energy and society

The looming oil crisis, pollution, and climate change have pushed governments, corporations, and individuals to think of new policies, new objects/products and new manners to market them – usually under the label of “green economy” (or the shifting towards a sustainable economy).

The changes that are on the way as a result of the envisaged “green revolution” need a broad vision that couples the economy of energetic techniques with the related socio-cultural economy that is induced by, and at the same time reciprocally influences, the mere technical transformations.

Based on previous analysis of theories of socio-technological change and putting at its center the concept of subjectivation in social sciences, this article proposes a theoretical understanding of cultural shifts and their relationship with changes in the practices of production, transfer and use of energy.

First part presents a schema of subjectivation in triangulation, that links the biological level with the material culture and with the representational realm of normativities in our society. It will be developed through the example of electric vehicle as metaphor of the energetic transition. Through this understanding, second part deals with the modeling of the three items as a processual energetic system by using the concepts of surplus and expenditure. Within this frame, we show how disruptions in one of the poles of this model influences the others and bring about changes in the entire Anthropo-Social level. Third part proposes possible types of emerging subjectivities and advances the idea of extending the realm of consciousness to the energetic transfers and their potentiality.     

个人工薪所得税问题研究

根据税收公平的原则,对目前个人所得税工薪所得税费用扣除标准和计算方法等存在的缺失进行分析,避免因缴税方法或计算而造成税赋的不公平。通过定量计算,提出新的个人工薪所得税计算方法,以期完善个税制度,有效预防涉税案件的发生。     

电潜泵举升系统温度压力耦合计算方法研究

电潜泵温度场的准确计算对于设备的选型和正常生产意义重大。针对前人的方法往往没有考虑到压力对温度分布的耦合作用或仅仅假设生产系统中为单相流体的实际，建立了电潜泵举升系统     

简化加标回收率计算的取样技巧

本文从加标回收率的定义出发，通过探讨取样方法对加标回收率计算的影响，找出简化加标回收计算的取样技巧。     

连分式算法插值顺序的有效安排

n节连分式算法是一个实用的一维搜索方法。构造连分式插位函数时,部分分母的计算在该算法中占有较大的比重,本文通过对插值点先后顺序的有效安排,使得部分分母的计算量下降近三分之一。最后,对该算法可能遇到的数值困难提供了一个实施方案。     

每股收益计算与呈报

每股收益是美国《会计原则委员会意见书》第１５号规则下的一个汇总统计项目。自从１９６９年以后，对于每股收益的计算和呈报，一直众说纷纭。１９９４年３月，美国财务会计准则委员会的初步建议会使每股收益的计算与呈报出现比较实质性的变化。文章将在分析《会计原则委员会意见书》第１５号规则存在问题的基础上，介绍财务会计准则委员会的初步建议，并比较每股收益在第１５号规则和初步建议下的计算要求。最后、对财务会计准则委员会的初步建议作出评述，关键词     

检测系统分辨力定量计算的研究

分辨力是传感器和测量仪器的重要技术参数。数字仪器的分辨力通常取决于内部模数转换器的位数,但如何确定由仪器和传感器组成的检测系统的分辨力,目前尚未见到与之相关的专门性研究成果。该文论证了检测系统的分辨力只与随机误差相关,要提高分辨力就必须减小测量结果的随机波动。通过实验提出了检测系统分辨力的定量计算公式,并证明了其置信概率大于90.9%。     

An Asymptotic Analysis of the Logrank Test

Asymptotic expansions for the null distribution of the logrank statistic and its distribution under local proportional hazards alternatives are developed in the case of iid observations. The results, which are derived from the work of Gu (1992) and Taniguchi (1992), are easy to interpret, and provide some theoretical justification for many behavioral characteristics of the logrank test that have been previously observed in simulation studies. We focus primarily upon (i) the inadequacy of the usual normal approximation under treatment group imbalance; and, (ii) the effects of treatment group imbalance on power and sample size calculations. A simple transformation of the logrank statistic is also derived based on results in Konishi (1991) and is found to substantially improve the standard normal approximation to its distribution under the null hypothesis of no survival difference when there is treatment group imbalance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.