The triggers of local and distant search: Relative magnitude and persistence in explaining acquisition relatedness

Research on problemistic search has assumed negative attainment discrepancy to be the trigger of both local and distant search. Extending this research, we present and compare two additional triggers: (1) relative attainment discrepancy, which reflects how much a firm's attainment discrepancy deviates from its past negative attainment discrepancies; and (2) persistent attainment discrepancy, which reflects how often the firm experiences below-aspirations performance. Our triggers for distant search model a behavioral explanation for the timing and relatedness of acquisitions. We find support for baseline arguments of problemistic search whereby firms increase both industry- and skill-related acquisitions when they perform below aspirations. When they persistently perform below aspirations, however, this likelihood is reduced and firms engage in acquisitions that are more unrelated, thereby providing support for the notion of expanding search boundaries from local to distant search. Of the two triggers of distant search proposed, relative attainment discrepancy does not induce firms to expand search boundaries. Our results indicate that persistent attainment discrepancy is a key construct to consider when studying the expansion of search boundaries.     

资源生产率视角的经济增长模型分析

现代经济的增长需要我们从关注资本和劳动生产率转移到关注资源生产率.发展以资源生产率为本质的循环经济,提高资源生产率有助于减缓经济增长中出现的环境问题,以使经济环境可持续发展.     

论科学管理的生产力属性

生产力先进性的依据在于具有高效率、高效益、复合效应和可持续发展等基本属性。由于科学管理在现代生产力系统中是必不可少的重要构件,具有不可替代的五大功用,它事实上决定和促成了现代生产力四大先进特性的存在,因此笔者认为科学管理就是先进的生产力。     

Quantifying uncertainty in the biospheric carbon flux for England and Wales

Summary.  A crucial issue in the current global warming debate is the effect of vegetation and soils on carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations in the atmosphere. Vegetation can extract CO₂ through photosynthesis, but respiration, decay of soil organic matter and disturbance effects such as fire return it to the atmosphere. The balance of these processes is the net carbon flux. To estimate the biospheric carbon flux for England and Wales, we address the statistical problem of inference for the sum of multiple outputs from a complex deterministic computer code whose input parameters are uncertain. The code is a process model which simulates the carbon dynamics of vegetation and soils, including the amount of carbon that is stored as a result of photosynthesis and the amount that is returned to the atmosphere through respiration. The aggregation of outputs corresponding to multiple sites and types of vegetation in a region gives an estimate of the total carbon flux for that region over a period of time. Expert prior opinions are elicited for marginal uncertainty about the relevant input parameters and for correlations of inputs between sites. A Gaussian process model is used to build emulators of the multiple code outputs and Bayesian uncertainty analysis is then used to propagate uncertainty in the input parameters through to uncertainty on the aggregated output. Numerical results are presented for England and Wales in the year 2000. It is estimated that vegetation and soils in England and Wales constituted a net sink of 7.55 Mt C (1 Mt C = 10¹² g of carbon) in 2000, with standard deviation 0.56 Mt C resulting from the sources of uncertainty that are considered.     

统筹城乡发展与完善农村土地流转制度的思考

针对中国农村土地流转不畅阻碍统筹城乡发展的现状,政府应从城乡两个方面完善土地流转制度,即建立与土地流转制度相关的制度体系,包括土地使用权市场、培育土地流转中介组织、集中使用农业补贴和以土地换保险等制度。为确保土地流转促进统筹城乡发展,实现城镇政府和进城务工农民的双赢,政府应对自身行为加以规范。     

提高我国科技成果向生产力转化的能力

运用技术经济理论,对我国科技成果转化存在障碍的原因即科技成果转化资金匮乏、企业技术市场参与度低、对技术的需求拉力不足、进口技术减少了对我国自身科技成果市场需求的空间等进行分析,并对提高我国科技成果向生产力转化的能力提出了对策建议。     

论社会科学的生产力属性及其价值实现的基本途径——兼论中国社会科学发展方向

马克思并未忽视社会科学对生产力的巨大作用.生产过程既是人类利用自然资源和自然力的过程,也是社会过程.生产过程的复杂性,为社会科学、人文科学留下了大量应用空间.社会科学可以通过多种途径体现其生产力价值.完善社会科学的研究体系(制),注重社会技术研究,加强与自然科学的交叉、融合、重组,搞好社会科学研究的产业化,是我国社会科学发展的努力方向.     

生而全球化公司的全球市场进入战略

近年一种新的中小型企业形式———“生而全球化的公司”出现了。这类企业针对多国市场或全球市场。生而全球化的公司有着自身重要特征。生而全球化的公司在海外国家销售产品的主要原因是其客户或竞争对手是全球化的(特别在高科技)抑或其分销方法是全球化的,比如直销或因特网销售。综合理论阐述结合案例分析生而全球化的公司的全球市场进入战略。生而全球化公司必须是思维全球化,行为当地化。必须对当地市场的变化保持灵活性的同时整合不同国家的市场策略。     

用"三个代表"重要思想指导高校学生工作

在新的形势下 ,高校学生教育管理工作面临着巨大的机遇与挑战。结合学生教育管理工作如何贯彻江泽民总书记的“三个代表”的重要思想 ,提出了自己的一些看法 ,包括 :大力培养学生的创新意识 ,科研能力和创造力 ;搞好校园文化建设 ;树立“以人为本”的理念等。从而为探索学生教育管理工作的新思路、新方法提供一些借鉴