焦炉煤气还原硫酸钠制硫化钠的研究

在固定床反应器内600～700℃的温度范围研究了焦炉煤气还原硫酸钠制硫化钠的反应速率和影响因素，在固定床内随着温度的提高，反应速率增大，并能达到较高的转化率．温度低于680℃，表现为催化反应，Fe2O3是活性较高的催化剂；在700℃以上表现为非催化反应。焦炉煤气中氢气的浓度和硫酸钠的颗粒直径对反应有一定的影响．在反应器内只要控制合适条件，往硫酸钠中加入脂肪酸的钠盐可以避免烧结，并能获得更高的反应速率。     

Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment: Application to Diesel Particulate Emissions1

An estimation of the human lung cancer “unit risk” from diesel engine particulate emissions has been made using a comparative potency approach. This approach involves evaluating the tumorigenic and mutagenic potencies of the particulates from four diesel and one gasoline engine in relation to other combustion and pyrolysis products (coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke) that cause lung cancer in humans. The unit cancer risk is predicated on the linear nonthreshold extrapolation model and is the individual lifetime excess lung cancer risk from continuous exposure to 1 μg carcinogen per m³ inhaled air. The human lung cancer unit risks obtained from the epidemiologic data for coke oven workers, roofing tar applicators, and cigarette smokers were, respectively, 9.3 × 10^?4, 3.6 × 10^?4, and 2.2 × 10^?6 per μg particulate organics per m³ air. The comparative potencies of these three materials and the diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulates (as organic extracts) were evaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity bioassays involving skin initiation and skin carcinogenicity in SENCAR mice and by the in vitro bioassays that proved suitable for this analysis: Ames Salmonella microsome bioassay, L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis bioassay, and sister chromatid exchange bioassay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The relative potencies of the coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke emissions, as determined by the mouse skin initiation assay, were within a factor of 2 of those determined using the epidemiologic data. The relative potencies, from the in vitro bioassays as compared to the human data, were similar for coke oven and roofing tar, but for the cigarette smoke condensate the in vitro tests predicted a higher relative potency. The mouse skin initiation bioassay was used to determine the unit lung cancer risk for the most potent of the diesel emissions. Based on comparisons with coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke, the unit cancer risk averaged 4.4 × 10^?4. The unit lung cancer risks for the other, less potent motor-vehicle emissions were determined from their comparative potencies relative to the most potent diesel using three in vitro bioassays. There was a high correlation between the in vitro and in vivo bioassays in their responses to the engine exhaust particulate extracts. The unit lung cancer risk per μg particulates per m³ for the automotive diesel and gasoline exhaust particulates ranged from 0.20 × 10^?4 to 0.60 × 10^?4; that for the heavy-duty diesel engine was 0.02 × 10^?4. These unit risks provide the basis for a future assessment of human lung cancer risks when combined with human population exposure to automotive emissions.     

新型小锯片烧结炉的研制

用新材料制作的金刚石小锯片烧结炉具有传热快、温差小、寿命长、节能省电等特点,是小锯片烧结工艺研究和小批量生产的理想设备。     

基于模糊自适应PID控制的汽车涂装烘房温控系统研究

针对现今汽车烘房温度控制系统中存在设备规模庞大、控制程序繁琐，从而导致开车调试难、控制参数设置比较繁琐等问题。文章采用模糊自适应PID算法，将模糊控制与PID控制结合起来，利用模糊算法在线实时调整PID参数，把模糊自适应PID控制具体应用到烘房温控系统中，解决了传统烘房温控系统控制器依赖精确的数学模型的问题，增强了烘干室温度控制系统对不确定因素的适应性。并利用MATLAB对系统进行仿真，与传统单纯的PID控制进行比较，仿真结果表明基于模糊自适应PID控制的汽车烘房温控系统具有响应速度快、调整时间短、稳态误差小、超调量小等特点，有效改善了系统的动态性能和静态性能。     

中药熏洗治疗慢性阻塞性肺病失眠患者临床观察

目的：探讨中药熏洗对慢阻肺失眠患者的临床疗效。方法将80例缓解期慢阻肺患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例,所有病例均无服用镇静催眠药物史。对照组给予常规平喘化痰治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上运用中药熏洗1周为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评价治疗前后患者的睡眠状况。结果3个疗程后,观察组患者的入睡时间、睡眠时间及睡眠质量,与治疗前及与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论中药熏洗可明显改善慢性阻塞性肺病患者失眠。     

焦炉煤气干法脱硫剂的研究现状与进展

评述了目前国内外用于焦炉煤气脱除硫化氢的各种干法脱硫剂的研究现状,分析了活性炭、铁系、锌系、铜系、锰系及钙系脱硫剂的脱硫原理,并指出了其在再生和脱硫效率等方面的优缺点,发现对于单一的金属氧化物脱硫剂已不能满足生产的需要,研究人员逐渐向复合金属氧化物脱硫剂进行开发研究,结果发现,复合金属氧化物在脱硫效率和再生性能方面都要优于单一的金属氧化物。     

立火道温度的广义预测控制

研究了JN43型炼焦炉对象特性,将广义预测控制应用于立火道温控中,由于采用直接算法,减少了在线计算量。该控制算法较好地解决了由于装煤量、结焦周期、配煤水分等因素引起的炉温波动,运行结果表明:炉温变化由原来的±10℃减少到±5℃,年平均节煤气量约为1 032万m3,节能量达3.1%。     

烟熏炉加热仓流动性能研究

针对某款烟熏炉在使用过程中出现的烟熏效果不佳、加热仓内上下2部分食物蒸煮不均匀的问题,采用CFD技 术,依据烟熏炉结构特点与加工要求,研究加热仓的气流场仿真分析的建模方法。提出采用二维简化建模分析方法,提 高计算效率。根据加热仓气流场的仿真结果,论文提出了在加热仓进风口增加导流板结构的方案。仿真与实验结果表 明：导流板有效地改善了加热仓内的流场分布,有助于克服加热仓内流场分布不均匀导致的食品加工效率低的问题。该 研究具有良好的实用价值。     

烟熏炉换热器进口主流道流动性改进

针对某一类型烟熏炉换热器进口主流道出口产生局部负压的问题,借助CFD仿真分析手段找出进口主流道结 构缺陷,提出了岔口几何形状的改变结构。分别对这2种不同结构的进口主流道管在Fluent平台上进行内流场分析,对 比两者之间的差异,表明改进后的进口管流速更加均匀,克服了原进口主流道管存在的问题,使得进入各组U型管的蒸 气相对均匀,换热效率得到提高。     

基于模型的JN60型焦炉加热控制

介绍了JN60型焦炉的加热控制研究与应用,并采用了火道温度串级控制和烟道吸力的前馈控制的系统控制方案与模糊控制策略,建立了相关的控制数学模型和工艺模型,利用计算所得的炼焦指数为在线参数对焦炭质量指标进行控制。系统运行结果表明节能约3.5%左右,炉温平均波动小于3℃,安定系数均在0.95以上。