综合性大学与医学类院校学生无偿献血的动因比较研究

以南京某综合性大学和某医学院校为例,比较两类学校学生在无偿献血认知、献血参与态度及献血动机方面的差异。通过文献研究、专家咨询及焦点小组评分编制调查问卷。认知差异比较采用卡方检验,态度和动机差异采用t检验。综合性大学学生对无偿献血的认知水平较低。医学类院校学生在献血参与态度方面的得分较高,二者在献血感受上无差异。献血动机方面,医学类院校学生献血的利他性得分较高,在两校暂未献血人群中,医学类院校学生自我效能型和献血奖励型动机得分更高。需加强对综合性大学学生献血知识的普及,根据态度及动机差异采取有针对性的献血宣传及招募。     

北欧各国配子捐赠制度及其对我国的启示

配子捐赠有助于不孕不育患者实现为人父母的美好愿望。而随之产生的一系列伦理法律问题仍有待探讨解决。匿名配子捐赠存废问题、卵子捐赠的可接受性问题和捐赠配子的补偿问题是北欧各国讨论中较突出的问题。北欧国家对这些问题做了大量研究,积累了丰富经验,并制定了法律法规。中国的配子银行建设仍在起步阶段,需要借鉴北欧经验,以便更好地满足配子捐赠的需要。     

Unaddressed problems and research perspectives in scheduling blood collection from donors

Many optimisation problems arise in managing the Blood Donation (BD) supply chain. Most of them have been addressed in the literature, while other problems, e.g. donation scheduling, have not been sufficiently addressed so far. However, blood collection from donors may have a disruptive impact on the entire BD supply chain if not properly managed. For example, scheduling donation appointments based on some system metrics may improve the flow of blood units through the BD supply chain and increase the quality of service perceived by donors. In this short communication, we present the donation scheduling problem and highlight the lack of work in the literature that deals with this problem. Then, we analyse the impact of an unbalanced flow of blood units on the BD system and the benefits that may derive from a suitable appointment scheduling. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research in BD collection scheduling that may improve the BD process.     

Righting anachronistic exclusions: The ethics of blood donation by men who have sex with men

ABSTRACT

Recently, the FDA announced that it would soon lift the long-standing lifetime ban on blood donation by men who have sex with men (MSM). Reexamining blood donation by MSM, it is clear that there are several ethical goods that must be balanced. Through balancing the primary duty to safety with the imperatives to craft a policy that is formally equal, upholds the public's trust, and is nondiscriminatory, an ethical blood donation deferral guideline may be advanced, both for MSM and the population at large.     

美国高等教育捐赠文化透视

本文在简要回顾美国悠久的慈善传统的基础上,分析了美国高校捐赠文化的历史、宗教以及其他方面的原因,认为基督教信仰不仅仅是美国人努力创造财富的原动力,也是他们因罪富而馈赠个人所有于社会的根本原因,同时也是捐赠高等教育的出发点;另外,工业革命后的实用主义哲学助推了美国人兴资办学的热诚;最后,规范的捐赠制度和法规,确保了美国高校捐赠的健康发展。美国高校捐赠资金庞大,作用突出,对我国高等教育在资金筹措方面有积极的启发和借鉴作用。     

Adolescents Conceived through Donor Insemination in Mother‐Headed Families: A Qualitative Study of Motivations and Experiences of Contacting and Meeting Same‐donor Offspring

This study interviewed adolescents conceived using sperm donation to examine their experiences of contacting and meeting ‘same‐donor offspring’ (i.e. donor‐conceived offspring raised in different families who share the same donor), their motivations for this contact, and how they make meaning of these relationships. This in‐depth qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with 23 young people aged 12–19 years (mean = 14 years). Interviewees were motivated by curiosity about their biological relations and by wanting to extend their family. Contact with same‐donor offspring was described as being either normal/neutral or as a unique experience that was integrated into their identity. This study highlights the importance of contact between same donor offspring, particularly during adolescence, a developmental stage associated with identity formation. The findings have important policy implications as they suggest that donor‐conceived individuals may benefit from contact with others conceived using the same donor prior to the age of 18 years.     

我国人体器官移植的立法问题探析

随着现代医学水平的不断发展进步,器官移植已成为脏器功能衰竭终末期的有效治疗手段。然而,由于人体器官移植是现代生物医学发展的新领域,相关法律规范缺失、制度尚不完善,这些因素严重影响和制约着器官移植的健康发展。目前,我国宪法、民法、刑法和行政法体系已经建立且相对完善,已经具备了器官移植立法的伦理、法理和社会基础,器官移植立法具有必要性和可行性。纵观世界各国的器官移植立法,我国必须从中吸取有益的成分,并结合实际情况,制定切实可行的器官移植法律。     

青岛市企业慈善捐赠现状、特点及发展对策研究

作为社会经济活动的主体,企业在承担社会责任、构建和谐社会中发挥着重要作用,慈善捐赠是企业履行社会责任的重要方式。根据对青岛市企业慈善捐赠现状及特点的调查和分析,应在选择捐赠合理运行模式、发挥政府主导作用、增强捐赠主体能力三大方面采取相关对策,以促进青岛市企业慈善捐赠事业的发展。     

企业公益捐赠的影响因素研究——以青岛市企业为例

公益捐赠是企业履行社会责任的重要方式,受到多种因素的影响.在对青岛市企业广泛调查的基础上,运用逻辑回归方法构建企业公益捐赠决策模型.分析发现,企业运利倾向、企业决策者受教育程度、企业慈善文化、企业资产负债率、政府态度、税收优惠政策、受赠机构社会影响力等7项因素是影响企业公益捐赠的主要因素.     

改革开放以来我国慈善经济发展中存在的问题及反思

慈善捐赠是一个社会文明程度的重要标志。新中国成立以来,特别是近十多年来,我国慈善经济的发展取得了巨大成就。但总体看来,我国目前慈善捐赠状况不尽人意,仍存在种种问题。文章通过简单的建模和计量分析,对我国慈善经济与经济发展之间的相互关系进行了反思。