Theorising the power of citizenship as claims-making

I advance a conceptual approach to citizenship as membership through claims-making. In this approach, citizenship is a relational process of making membership claims on polities, people and institutions, claims recognized or rejected within particular normative understandings of citizenship. Such a conceptual shift moves scholarship beyond typologizing—enumerating how citizenship is (or is not) about status, rights, participation and identity—to identifying the mechanisms through which claims on citizenship have power. This framework requires a relational approach and attention to dynamics of recognition within contexts of structured agency. Immigrants and their children can make claims to modify the normative content of citizenship, affect recognition evaluations and change the allocation of status and rights. But they are also constrained by legal structures, a society's institutional practices, and prevailing public perceptions. Citizenship as claims-making may require a reassessment of boundary approaches and a turn to metaphors of positionality, as well as more serious commitment to mixed-methods research. The stakes of understanding citizenship's power, as practice and status, are especially high right now. Yet based on existing scholarship, it is not entirely clear how much citizenship matters, in what ways, for whom, or why. This is the challenge for future scholarship.     

面孔认知中表情的印象操作的有效性

运用促进面孔记忆新的处理策略“表情的印象操作”，研究在笑脸中包含着怎样的信息。研究发现，与平静表情的面孔相比，笑脸是更具优势的表情，在笑脸的表情之中包含着更多促进面孔记忆的信息。     

论文学理论中命名的意义和合法性

命名是文学理论阐释过程的一个重要环节,也是文学理论工作者必须正确认识和认真把握的一项内容。命名不仅要具有认知功能,还要具有价值功能,并在此基础上寻求自身的合法性。     

试论古汉语中的“鸳鸯”是否是联绵词——兼论联绵词的一种鉴别方式

在现代汉语中“鸳鸯”是联绵词。通过对“鸳鸯”的历时考察，发现“鸳”、“鸯”能单用、分用，有重叠形式，“鸳鸯”有异序词，也和合成词一样。所以用现行的有关联绵词的语素识别方法一双向替换法不好判断它是否是联绵词。通过考察联绵词的来源，提出了新的判断方法，用两个公式区分联绵词与合成词，最终确定“鸳鸯”从古至今都是联绵词。     

基于分数本征特征的手写数字识别

特征提取是手写体数字识别研究中的重要问题,有效、稳定的特征是提高识别率和识别精度的关键。该文提出了一种基于分数本征特征和核非线性分类器的手写数字识别方法,首先找到时频平面的一个轴进行分数傅里叶变换,使不同类别样本在这个轴上最大限度地分开,然后用主元分析进行降维,得到比较稳健的低维特征,再将常用分类器用于特征分类,实现对手写数字的识别。对实际数据进行实验,结果表明上述本征特征与核非线性分类器相结合有较高的识别率和训练、分类效率。     

诠释学与比较文学的发展

互动认知研究的空间是变动、开放、动态的空间。双向诠释即是首先了解对方,然后从对方的角度和视野来观察和进一步了解自己,使双方对自己和对方都有了新的认识。重视从“他者”反观自身的理论逐渐为广大理论界所接受。一些非汉学家的理论家开始以一种“非中心论”的心态来探讨西方和非西方文化,并以此为基础建构新的理论,这就从根本上动摇了西方中心论的基石。比较文学和比较文化研究迅速突破了封闭的西方文化体系,进入西方文化与非西方文化相互参照的范围。西方学术界原来互不相干的汉学研究、文学理论研究、比较文学研究正在迅速靠拢,并实现互补、互识、互证。     

对资本主义制度的再认识

正确认识资本主义的历史进步性与腐朽性 ,科学分析当代资本主义社会出现的一系列新变化的深层次原因 ,深刻揭示资本主义被一个比资本主义制度更高、更合理的社会制度所取代的历史必然性 ,是积极推进社会主义事业在 2 1世纪的发展与进步的一个重要前提     

创业学的核心概念--创业机会的识别与把握的研究

创业学作为一门新兴的学科存在学科界限不清楚的问题,创业机会作为创业学的核心概念在创业学的研究中处于非常重要的地位,本文就创业机会的现有研究和发展做了深入的探讨.     

知行合一的道德教育及其困境

知行合一是道德教育的最终目标。所谓知行合一即知与行的统一,是一个从道德规范到道德行为的动态过程。然而,当前存在着诸多影响知行合一的负面因素。因此,要做到道德教育的知行合一,不仅要解决制度问题,而且要提供相应的物质基础;不仅要营造相应的社会环境,而且要弘扬知行合一的文化传统,还要对道德教育的方式加以改造。     

Generating recognition,acceptance and social inclusion in marginalised youth populations: the potential of sports-based interventions

In recent years sport-based interventions have been implemented as a mechanism via which to target marginalised youth in relation to the development of social inclusion. Much of the political rhetoric surrounding social inclusion programmes highlights engagement with education, employment, or training, as key metrics. This has led some scholars to observe that conceptualising social inclusion in this way can act to further marginalise young people who fail to engage with these metrics. In contrast, this paper seeks to employ an alternative understanding of social inclusion, which uses the concepts of recognition and acceptance, to infer how participation in sports-based programmes may enable marginalised youth to meet mainstream societal expectations and aid with social assimilation. Drawing upon findings from two small-scale studies of sport-based interventions located in three UK cities, this paper places participant accounts at the centre of the analysis to explore broader notions of pro-social development in relation to recognition and interpersonal acceptance. The paper concludes by suggesting that within contexts in which young people are able to generate strong interpersonal relationships with key personnel (such as coaches), and which are built upon trust, recognition and developing self-worth, there is clear potential for sport-based programmes to incubate social assimilation.