A Literature Review of Organizational Behavior Management Interventions in Human Service Settings from 1990 to 2016

We reviewed the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM), and Behavior Analysis in Practice (BAP) from 1990 to 2016, to identify articles that evaluated organizational behavior management interventions in a human service setting. Of those articles, 75 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review, 44 from JABA (1990 to 2016), 22 from JOBM (1990 to 2016), and 7 from BAP (2008 to 2016). We categorized each selected article by setting, employee population, client population, assessment, dependent variable, independent variable, and outcome measures. Results from the review are discussed for all three journals. Recommendations are made to broaden the scope of population and dependent variable targets, include more assessments, and include outcome data when applicable.     

A Hitchhiker's Guide to caring for an older person before and during coronavirus‐19

Coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) has reconfigured working lives with astonishing velocity. Older people have suffered the worst effects of the pandemic, with governments marginalizing or overlooking their needs. Women perform the majority of care for older people, often compromising their working lives and health. Yet in academic articles their voices are often filtered or aggregated in quantitative studies. Based on a weave of personal experiences and secondary research, the article traces a path through UK forms of care and shows how the inadequate response to COVID‐19 stemmed from existing policies embedded in health and social care. COVID‐19 has severed important informal care work, rendering the vulnerable yet more exposed and carers anxious and bereft. Longitudinal research capturing the trajectory of care from the perspective of older people and their carers would lead to improved support hence gender equality.     

Every Minute Counts: Using Process Improvement and Performance Feedback to Improve Patient Flow in an Emergency Department

Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.     

国家、民族、社区——美国国家公园建设的经验及教训

美国国家公园建设过程中，以国家为主导，注重国家意识，定位服务功能，体现其教育理念，并在此过程中将管理和利用模式由开始的保护转变为现在的保护与利用并行，为全世界提供了一个成功的模板。但在其100年的发展过程中，环境的破坏，原住民权利的漠视，游客管理的混乱，是其曾遇到或正在面临的问题。建议我国在进行国家公园建设时，应扬长避短，突出国家名义，强调社区参与和游客管理先行，并注重国家公园的公益性和教育功能。     

Service diversification and growth of professional service firms

This study investigates the impact of service diversification on the rate and mode of firm growth in professional service firms (PSFs). Drawing on the extant PSF literature, we identify differing views regarding the growth impact of service diversification. Specifically, some scholars suggest that the external client benefits associated with service diversification should allow PSFs to expand revenues at a rapid pace and pursue less merger and acquisition activity, whereas others imply that increased diversification can cause internal challenges with respect to learning costs, coordination and innovation that can limit the rate of revenue growth and encourage more mergers and acquisitions. We test these competing views using longitudinal data on 137 accounting firms and cross-sectional data on 125 law firms and find that service diversification is negatively associated with the rate of firm revenue growth and positively associated with the use of mergers and acquisitions.     

Conjuncture and cultural reproduction in the process of embedding: social work practice in the context of government purchase of services in China

This paper focuses on the Chinese government’s policy of purchasing social services and discusses how relevant organisations provide social work and develop it within local socio-political and cultural contexts. An ethnographic research method was adopted for the study by the first author while participating in social work development in Q City. We argue that the policy of purchasing social services succeeded in achieving “embedded development” but also created a “conjuncture structure” in cultural reproduction. However, due toprofessional social workers in China have, in practice, passively responded to the conjuncture there has been a failure to reproduce professional values of social work in the Chinese cultural context. Therefore, further development of social work in China needs to strengthen cultural reflection in practical actions, focus on the exploration of cultural connections between social work practice and local communities, and enhance the cultural capacity of social workers in the local cultural context.     

Social service purchasing in China: Rationale,features, and risks

As part of a broader program of market reform, China's local governments are progressing an agenda of purchasing child welfare and other social services from the nongovernment sector, primarily to expand capacity and address vast unmet need. This paper draws on current research evidence to explore the approaches to purchasing emerging in China, examining the rationale for purchasing and models of supply, competition, and regulation. While some approaches are modeled on direct service contracting, direct purchasing of social service “posts” is also used, aimed at achieving goals of professionalization alongside service expansion. Overall, the review shows purchasing is helping to rapidly expand service scale and capacity; however, regulatory strategies for managing and mitigating risks to quality and access appear lacking. This highlights the need for further scholarship aimed at developing the robust risk management strategies which are required to support high quality, sustainable provision of purchased services.     

Comparison on predictors of mental health service use among Asian older adults

Studies have mostly examined mental health service use of older Asian immigrant combining all Asian Americans into one group whereas immigration backgrounds and socioeconomic status of each Asian minority group are different. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictors of mental health service use within specific ethnic groups among older Asian adults focusing on Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese in California. The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP) is used to guide the secondary data analysis of a sample of 3,453 older Asian immigrants from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Logistic and linear regression analyses are performed to examine predictors of mental health service use and the frequency of mental health service use, respectively. As results, mental health‐seeking patterns differ by ethnicity within the older Asian immigrant sample, not being married (Korean), higher levels of acculturation (Filipino), lower levels of neighborhood cohesion (Korean and Vietnamese), higher levels of perceived safety (Korean) and lower levels of perceived safety (Vietnamese), higher levels of mental distress (Korean and Filipino), and having perceived need (all) were related to more visits for mental health services. The study findings highlight the necessity of cultural competency services and programs for each Asian ethnicity.     

生产性服务业:发展态势、存在的问题及高质量发展政策思路

生产性服务业的改造提升和优化升级,是中国经济高质量发展的内在要求。当前,研发设计服务业“量质齐增”,已成为中国经济高质量发展的重要引擎；物流服务业发展迅猛,在企业生产和居民生活中的重要性日益凸显；金融服务业通过提供融资支持,有力促进了经济社会的良性发展；信息技术服务和电子商务飞速发展,“数字+”成为产业升级的重要实现渠道；租赁和商务服务业业态更加丰富,是促进产业转型升级的重要力量；服务外包规模持续攀升,业务覆盖范围不断扩展；职业教育方兴未艾,提升了中国人力资源的整体水平。但是,中国生产性服务业依然存在着国际竞争力羸弱、对外开放水平较低、与其他产业的融合力度不强、在全球价值链中的地位不高等问题。对此,提出了应进一步夯实生产性服务业发展的基础,对标国际标准推进服务业供给侧结构性改革,把生产性服务与制造业融合发展作为主攻方向,把提升服务贸易国际竞争力作为关键抓手,抓住机会提升生产性服务业全方位对外开放水平等政策建议。     

基于系统动力学的“互联网+健康医疗”体系模型

“互联网+健康医疗”模式已然成为我国健康医疗产业发展的一个新方向,为解决传统医疗行业中存在的诸多问题提供了新思路。在分析“互联网+健康医疗”对传统医疗的影响及其发展机制的基础上,利用存量流量图等工具构建“互联网+健康医疗”体系模型,运用Vensim软件对我国“互联网+健康医疗”发展情况进行仿真,并模拟相关政策的干预效果。结果表明:“互联网+健康医疗”在降低潜在医疗需求(PMD)、促进分级诊疗中具有重要作用,保障医疗保险能够较好地嵌入“互联网+健康医疗”就诊流程中对降低PMD最有意义,而降低整体门诊价格对于优化就医结构、促进分级诊疗最为有效。