Ghosted Images: Old Lesbians on Screen

Screen images of old lesbians combine modes of representing female gender, lesbian sexuality, and old age, all of which contain layers of otherness within a hetero-patriarchal and youth-centered society. Analyzing a range of films, from independent to mainstream cinema, this article explores how the ghosted lesbian paradigm intersects with narratives of aging as decline in representations of lesbian characters who are over the age of sixty. The spectral matters of illness, death, mourning, and widowhood inevitably culminate in an unhappy ending. Removed from a lesbian community context, intergenerational continuity vanishes and the old lesbian emerges as the cultural other.     

新中国十七年图像文化研究的学术史回顾

随着20世纪80年代西方的图像文化史作为新兴的研究方法进入中国,中国不同历史时期的图像文化生产与传播备受研究者的关注。同时,西方图像学研究为各类文学、美术、电影等作品的解读提供了较为充分的理论支持,研究者把图像学理论与文本分析有机结合,展开了艺术学与文化研究的批评实践。"十七年"时期的图像文化具有独特的历史与美学价值,目前已经成为学界研究的热点,有进行学术史回顾与反思的必要。通过对现有的"十七年"时期图像文化研究成果的整合分析,可以展现中国图像文化研究的最新进展以及西方图像学方法在中国的本土化实践。     

Citing history

ABSTRACT

Although rarely considered within the existing scholarship on social movements, even a cursory analysis of protest activity suggests that movements regularly invoke historical citations (whether consciously or not) while working to clarify aims and mobilize constituencies. In order to make sense of this process, and to account for the variations that arise among the different citation modalities favored by movements on opposite ends of the political spectrum, I draw upon the theoretical contributions of Marxist cultural critic Walter Benjamin and, in particular, on his exploration of ‘wish images’ and ‘dialectical images,’ their attributes, and their interrelationship. According to Benjamin, such images summoned the past either to project visions of future happiness (as with the wish image) or to deposit the witness before a moment of decisive, present-tense reckoning. After outlining the role of historical citation in social movements and in the broader cultural field through which these movements find expression, I analyze two recent protest events – the ‘Unite the Right’ rally in Charlottesville, VA, in which wish images were actively deployed, and the 2017 Women’s Strike in New York City, where a dialectical image arose from the constellated nodes of the march’s route – to consider the relationship between citation modality and protest outcome. Following from this analysis, and in keeping with the unapologetically partisan nature of my investigation, I conclude by advancing some strategic recommendations for movements seeking – as Benjamin once enjoined – to ‘improve our position in the struggle against Fascism.’     

论《金瓶梅》的意象群叙事结构

《金瓶梅》以五大意象群为其叙事结构的基础：宗教意象群具有形而上的地位,统摄了小说劝世意图与叙事结构的对称效应;心理意象群具有张本作用,预示了人物命运的大体走向;时间意象群具有推进作用,形成了人物和家庭命运发展的大致时序;空间意象群具有写实意义,呈现了人物关系和场景发生的典型环境;人物意象群具有核心地位,承载了主人公及其家庭由暴发至没落的完整过程。《金瓶梅》的叙事完全打破了此前中国长篇小说的单线型结构模式,构建了《金瓶梅》的综合立体叙事结构,充分表现了家庭生活和社会生活以及人物性格的生成和发展,成为《红楼梦》的重要借鉴。     

西晋玄风与咏鸟赋的意象创造

谈玄之风始于正始年间,持续至东晋末期。玄风对两晋文学产生了重要的影响。受玄风影响,西晋时期咏鸟赋的创作较为繁荣,其意象类型主要有:"玄鸟"意象、"逸鸟"意象、"儒鸟"意象等。三种鸟意象的出现显示出西晋时期的咏鸟赋创作既与政治密切相关,也与当时玄学风气密不可分。     

Analysis of a two incongruent arrivals and services M/G/1 queue with random feedback

A queuing system with two incongruent arrivals and services is considered. Two kinds of customers enter the system by Poisson process and the service times are assumed to have general distribution. After first kind service completion, it may feedback to repeat the first service, leave the system or go to give second service. The same policy is applied for the other kind of customer. All stochastic processes involved in this system are independent. We derive the probability generating function for each kind and for the system that yield the performance measures. Some numerical approaches examined the validity of the results.