论数学教育中的数学观念体系

本文从培养数学观念的角度，就数学教育如何培养人们的科学思维方式和形成良好的思维习惯作一论述。     

洋桔梗叶盘高频率不定芽诱导的初步研究

采用正交设计法研究了细胞分裂素ZT,生长素NAA,培养基pH值和光照强度对洋桔梗叶盘不定芽诱导的影响.结果表明,实验的4个因子对洋桔梗叶盘不定芽都具有极显著的诱导作用,最佳培养基和培养条件为:MS ZT 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.01 mg/L,培养基pH值为6.3,光照强度为3000 lx.该处理中每叶盘再生不定芽数平均达9.41个.     

Reconsidering the Evolution of Nonlinguistic Communication: The Case of Laughter

Nonlinguistic communication is typically proposed to convey representational messages, implying that particular signals are associated with specific signaler emotions, intentions, or external referents. However, common signals produced by both nonhuman primates and humans may not exhibit such specificity, with human laughter for example showing significant diversity in both acoustic form and production context. We therefore outline an alternative to the representational approach, arguing that laughter and other nonlinguistic vocalizations are used to influence the affective states of listeners, thereby also affecting their behavior. In the case of laughter, we propose a primary function of accentuating or inducing positive affect in the perceiver in order to promote a more favorable stance toward the laugher. Two simple strategies are identified, namely producing laughter with acoustic features that have an immediate impact on listener arousal, and pairing these sounds with positive affect in the listener to create learned affective responses. Both depend on factors like the listener's current emotional state and past interactions with the vocalizer, with laughers predicted to adjust their sounds accordingly. This approach is used to explain findings from two experimental studies that examined the use of laughter in same-sex and different-sex dyads composed of either friends or strangers, and may be applicable to other forms of nonlinguistic communication.     

对RC4算法的错误引入攻击研究

错误引入攻击假设攻击者可以向密码设备(智能卡)引入错误,使其出现错误的加密结果。攻击者同时利用正确的和错误的加密结果来发现隐藏在密码设备中的秘密信息(密钥)。该文给出了一种对RC4算法的错误引入攻击方法。模拟实验表明,一轮攻击有可能找出RC4初始状态中3个位置的值,连续使用该算法能以较高(大于1/2)的概率恢复RC4的整个初始状态。恢复整个初始状态所需的密钥字个数约为O(216),引入的错误数量约为O(216)。     

现代建筑中的通感艺术

本文就建筑设计中的“通感”艺术手法结合实例进行了分析 ,以便扩大审美视野 ,打开创作繁荣的一条通道     

The foundations of econometrics-are there any

The conclusions of alogically consistent economic theory which strictly adheres to Aristotle's axioms of logic are factually true if its sufficient conditions are all factually true. Alternatively, if a conclusion of such a theory is false, then at- least one of its assumptions is false. Unfortunately, the factual truth of sufficient conditions cannot be established because the problem of induction i s impossible t o solve. It is algo true that the falsity of a conclusion cannot be established in the presence of uncertainty. While the philosophy of instrumentalism applied to sufficient and logically consistent explanations may provide useful solutions to immediate practical problems, the principles of simplicity, parsimony and profligacy--all of them requiring conditional deductive arguments--are useless as criteria for model choice.     

三相异步电动机缺相起动及运行的探讨

三相异步电动机缺相时无法正常起动,运行中缺相时转速变慢,缺相是造成电动机损坏的主要原因。为保证安全、可靠运行,三相异步电动机应设置电源缺相保护。     

对两种"安培"定义等效性的探讨

本文对电磁学教材中,有关国际单位制中的基本单位"安培"的两种定义进行了对比和讨论,指出了其中一种定义存在不妥之处的原因。     

休谟问题及其效应

自从休谟提出休谟问题以来,如何理解和解决休谟问题向哲学家们提出了挑战。休谟问题在休谟那里表现为因果问题,即因果联系的必然性问题。休谟的因果问题直接引发了康德的哲学思考,被改造、转换为康德问题。在康德看来,包括因果范畴在内的先天形式作用于经验现象,就形成了普遍必然的科学知识。于是,休谟问题成了知识的可能性问题。休谟的因果问题包含着引申出归纳问题的可能性,因此现代经验主义者和批判理性主义者把休谟对因果联系必然性的质疑转换成对归纳推理的合理性和可靠性的质疑。正确解决休谟问题的方法论原则是:正确地理解休谟问题;运用辩证思维;坚持实践观点。