近二十年中国化工翻译研究——以知网收录重点期刊文献为例

选取中国近二十年的化工翻译期刊文献为研究样本,以Excel为统计工具统计了中国化工翻译研究文献的数量,归纳整理了化工翻译的研究角度;然后以知网收录核心期刊文献为分析样本,从理论指导、运用、翻译策略、技巧和方法等角度对其进行对比与分析,归纳总结出当前化工翻译所存在的不足。     

方罐扩口生产的关键技术

方罐扩口罐是市场的消费需求;推行薄铁皮罐是降低生产成本之必须。文章着重阐述解决方罐扩口罐生产问题的三大关键技术及应用——电阻焊自感应检测技术实现高质量焊接、凸轮控制系统精确控制的渐进式扩口技术解决扩口成型时材料拉伸不均匀问题、对封口滚轮曲线优化及热处理技术研究与创新提高方罐的封口质量。实际结果：减少了生产中的材料损耗;实现了全开盖的国产化应用;给异型空罐产业转型升级提供示范。     

对RC4算法的错误引入攻击研究

错误引入攻击假设攻击者可以向密码设备(智能卡)引入错误,使其出现错误的加密结果。攻击者同时利用正确的和错误的加密结果来发现隐藏在密码设备中的秘密信息(密钥)。该文给出了一种对RC4算法的错误引入攻击方法。模拟实验表明,一轮攻击有可能找出RC4初始状态中3个位置的值,连续使用该算法能以较高(大于1/2)的概率恢复RC4的整个初始状态。恢复整个初始状态所需的密钥字个数约为O(216),引入的错误数量约为O(216)。     

Inventory Management for Customers with Alternative Lead Times

It is common for suppliers operating in batch‐production mode to deal with patient and impatient customers. This paper considers inventory models in which a supplier provides alternative lead times to its customers: a short or a long lead time. Orders from patient customers can be taken by the supplier and included in the next production cycle, while orders from impatient customers have to be satisfied from the on‐hand inventory. We denote the action to commit one unit of on‐hand inventory to patient or impatient customers as the inventory‐commitment decision, and the initial inventory stocking as the inventory‐replenishment decision. We first characterize the optimal inventory‐commitment policy as a threshold type, and then prove that the optimal inventory‐replenishment policy is a base‐stock type. Then, we extend our analysis to models to consider cases of a multi‐cycle setting, a supply‐capacity constraint, and the on‐line charged inventory‐holding cost. We also evaluate and compare the performances of the optimal inventory‐commitment policy and the inventory‐rationing policy. Finally, to further investigate the benefits and pitfalls of introducing an alternative lead‐time choice, we use the customer‐choice model to study the demand gains and losses, known as demand‐induction and demand‐cannibalization effects, respectively.     

问题图式：培养学生问题解决能力的基石

问题图式具有知识的概括性、认知资源的经济性、未知变量的可推理性和广泛的迁移性等特点,是学生用以组织知识和应用知识的有效方式。而在知识学习和问题解决过程中能否归纳出问题图式和对图式进行改进是提高学生问题解决能力的关键。为形成有效的问题图式,在教学中应注重对知识进行复述、精加工和组织,以形成条件化知识;要对问题进行深层结构表征,并加强元认知能力的训练和培养及样例的学习,以加强学生问题解决过程中的图式建立、运用、综合能力,提高学生解决问题的效率。     

供应链物流运作能力计划模型与分析

考察了某种产品供应链系统的一次性物流运作过程,建立了这个系统的物流能力动态规划模型。针对供应链中物流运作能力的流通量指标进行了较为深入的理论分析,探讨了使得系统成本最小化的最优物流能力及系统各阶段需配置的流通量。最优物流能力策略体现为两个关键量,即下界和上界。如果可得输入量小于下界则选择不开展物流;如果可得输入超出了下界,物流能力可以足够大但不超过上界。运用数学归纳法对优化结果进行了证明,并结合算例检验了模型的效果。     

Backward Induction Is Not Robust: The Parity Problem and the Uncertainty Problem

A cornerstone of game theory is backward induction, whereby players reason backward from the end of a game in extensive form to the beginning in order to determine what choices are rational at each stage of play. Truels, or three-person duels, are used to illustrate how the outcome can depend on (1) the evenness/oddness of the number of rounds (the parity problem) and (2) uncertainty about the endpoint of the game (the uncertainty problem). Since there is no known endpoint in the latter case, an extension of the idea of backward induction is used to determine the possible outcomes. The parity problem highlights the lack of robustness of backward induction, but it poses no conflict between foundational principles. On the other hand, two conflicting views of the future underlie the uncertainty problem, depending on whether the number of rounds is bounded (the players invariably shoot from the start) or unbounded (they may all cooperate and never shoot, despite the fact that the truel will end with certainty and therefore be effectively bounded). Some real-life examples, in which destructive behavior sometimes occurred and sometimes did not, are used to illustrate these differences, and some ethical implications of the analysis are discussed.     

异步电动机起动电阻计算的新方法

本文介绍一种新的异步电动机起动电阻计算方法,它具有简单,准确的优点,而且有实用价值。     

三相异步电动机缺相起动及运行的探讨

三相异步电动机缺相时无法正常起动,运行中缺相时转速变慢,缺相是造成电动机损坏的主要原因。为保证安全、可靠运行,三相异步电动机应设置电源缺相保护。