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1.
根据支撑基础、责任负担、保障水平以及民众需求等维度,可以把民生保障划分为托底型、基本型、改善型以及富裕型等四种类型。改善型民生是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物,也是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的客观要求。它是指通过各类民生项目的安排及民生待遇优化以促进民众生活得到持续改善、社会发展水平得到提升的一种制度类型,是民生项目更加齐全、内容更为完善、治理水平更高、使民众各按其分的民生模式,是人们的日常生活与服务消费支出总额持续增长以便能够提升生活水平的民生类型,是那种不断满足人的需要特别是较高层次需要的模式类型,也是更有助于形成社会结构稳定、国家长治久安的民生制度类型,因而具有综合性、完善性、激励性以及发展性等特点。这要求我们优化民生类型设计及民生投入结构,补齐改善型民生短板,营造良好社会秩序,扎实推进国家治理体系及治理能力现代化建设。  相似文献   
2.
关于村干部角色行为的研究有两种取向:一是对村干部应该如何的“名”的研究,二是对村干部实际如何的“实”的研究。赵村的村干部的“名”与“实”经历了从融合到偏离的历史性嬗变。改革开放后,因对村干部有了新的要求与期待,历史变迁的惯性及相应的政策及制度性规定为村干部角色行为提供了基础,包办型村干部经历了“名”与“实”的短暂融合。但随着村庄出现可赢利的巨额集体资产,村干部以派性斗争为核心争夺村庄权力,以自我获利为目的,造成村庄集体资产流失,村民利益受损,赢利型村干部的“名”与“实”严重偏离。以制度治村为核心的纠偏机制的运行,以期扭转赢利型村干部“名”与“实”偏离的行为,却导致了放任型村干部的出现,这实际上是另一种形式的“名”与“实”的偏离,村干部“名”与“实”偏离的困境依然没有摆脱。  相似文献   
3.
This paper proposes a probabilistic frontier regression model for binary type output data in a production process setup. We consider one of the two categories of outputs as ‘selected’ category and the reduction in probability of falling in this category is attributed to the reduction in technical efficiency (TE) of the decision-making unit. An efficiency measure is proposed to determine the deviations of individual units from the probabilistic frontier. Simulation results show that the average estimated TE component is close to its true value. An application of the proposed method to the data related to the Indian public sector banking system is provided where the output variable is the indicator of level of non-performing assets. Individual TE is obtained for each of the banks under consideration. Among the public sector banks, Andhra bank is found to be the most efficient, whereas the United Bank of India is the least.  相似文献   
4.
In this paper, we establish the strong law of large numbers and complete convergence for non-identically distributed WOD random variables. We derive some new inequalities of Fuk–Nagaev type for the sums of non-identically distributed WD random variables. All these results further extend and refine previous ones.  相似文献   
5.
现代产业体系是现代经济体系的子系统与基础支撑,通过对“十四五”时期中国建设现代化经济体系内在要求的分析,探索推动中国经济体系优化升级的基本路径。研究认为,需要以创新升级建立现代产业体系发展的动力体系,以协同融合形成现代产业体系发展的结构体系,以数字转型构建现代产业体系发展的效能体系; 在此基础上,推进政府职能改革和完善知识产权制度,创建优化制度环境; 推动数据信息交易价格机制的完善,加快培育数据要素市场; 利用新一代信息技术改造提升传统产业,统筹推进新型基础设施建设,优化升级“十四五”时期的经济体系。  相似文献   
6.
国际政治的参与情境决定行动者的博弈行为类型,参与情境变迁将导致行动者行为发生变化。能源安全是国家对外政策的核心议题之一。1973年爆发的第一次石油危机,凸显了能源安全问题的重要性,改变了二战后国际能源政治的参与情境,构建了行动者新的博弈类型,调整了国际能源政治行动者的博弈策略。为了有效应对国际能源政治的情境变迁,美国通过协调与其他国家的能源关系,设置能源安全国际议程,最终确定了新的国际能源秩序。当前,我国在积极参与国际能源合作的过程中,第一次石油危机后国际能源政治的情境变迁以及国际社会的应对策略具有十分重要的启示意义。  相似文献   
7.
Abstract

In literature, Lindley distribution is considered as an alternative to exponential distribution to fit lifetime data. In the present work, a Lindley step-stress model with independent causes of failure is proposed. An algorithm to generate random samples from the proposed model under type 1 censoring scheme is developed. Point and interval estimation of the model parameters is carried out using maximum likelihood method and percentile bootstrap approach. To understand the effectiveness of the resulting estimates, numerical illustration is provided based on simulated and real-life data sets.  相似文献   
8.
Despite the evidence of effectiveness of positive parenting programs, little is known about the typology of changes that parents at psychosocial risk undergo after an intervention. We compared individual patterns of change in three parenting outcomes in 256 at risk parents with young children attending the group‐based Growing Up Happily in the Family program delivered in municipal social services. We identified four clusters of individual change: Cluster 1 (30.6%) had negative changes in parental child‐rearing attitudes and parenting stress, Cluster 2 (27.7%) had positive changes in child‐rearing attitudes and negative results in parental perceived competence, and Cluster 3 (24.1%) and Cluster 4 (17.6%) showed overall better results. Residential area, type of social support, and quality of implementation characterized cluster membership. Participants in clusters with better results were more satisfied with the program than those with worse results. Practical recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of group parenting programs in family preservation services.  相似文献   
9.
During a new drug development process, it is desirable to timely detect potential safety signals. For this purpose, repeated meta‐analyses may be performed sequentially on accumulating safety data. Moreover, if the amount of safety data from the originally planned program is not enough to ensure adequate power to test a specific hypothesis (e.g., the noninferiority hypothesis of an event of interest), the total sample size may be increased by adding new studies to the program. Without appropriate adjustment, it is well known that the type I error rate will be inflated because of repeated analyses and sample size adjustment. In this paper, we discuss potential issues associated with adaptive and repeated cumulative meta‐analyses of safety data conducted during a drug development process. We consider both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. A new drug development example is used to demonstrate the application of the methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
10.
The attraction effect refers to a situation in which adding an inferior alternative to a choice set increases the share of the relatively dominating alternative. This research posits that decision task type affect the attraction effect. People usually seek justification for their decisions. In a selection (or rejection) task, they are more likely to emphasize the positive (or negative) features of each option. The addition of an asymmetrically dominated decoy to a binary set of options undoubtedly provides an extra positive feature for the dominant option, and therefore induces a greater attraction effect. Contrarily, in a rejection task condition, the decoy in the trinary set seems to be the worst option and would be eliminated first, and the remaining comparison is identical with the original binary condition. Therefore, the attraction effect may decrease. Besides, the decision task type interacts with the construal level to affect the attraction effect. Specifically, a low construal level, compared with a high construal level, dampens the attraction effect to a greater extent in a rejection task than in a selection task. Results from three experiments support the proposed hypotheses.  相似文献   
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