Development of an Asset Value Map for Disaster Risk Assessment in China by Spatial Disaggregation Using Ancillary Remote Sensing Data

The extent of economic losses due to a natural hazard and disaster depends largely on the spatial distribution of asset values in relation to the hazard intensity distribution within the affected area. Given that statistical data on asset value are collected by administrative units in China, generating spatially explicit asset exposure maps remains a key challenge for rapid postdisaster economic loss assessment. The goal of this study is to introduce a top‐down (or downscaling) approach to disaggregate administrative‐unit level asset value to grid‐cell level. To do so, finding the highly correlated “surrogate” indicators is the key. A combination of three data sets—nighttime light grid, LandScan population grid, and road density grid, is used as ancillary asset density distribution information for spatializing the asset value. As a result, a high spatial resolution asset value map of China for 2015 is generated. The spatial data set contains aggregated economic value at risk at 30 arc‐second spatial resolution. Accuracy of the spatial disaggregation reflects redistribution errors introduced by the disaggregation process as well as errors from the original ancillary data sets. The overall accuracy of the results proves to be promising. The example of using the developed disaggregated asset value map in exposure assessment of watersheds demonstrates that the data set offers immense analytical flexibility for overlay analysis according to the hazard extent. This product will help current efforts to analyze spatial characteristics of exposure and to uncover the contributions of both physical and social drivers of natural hazard and disaster across space and time.     

《都柏林人》中的“灯”意象

在詹姆斯·乔伊斯经典短篇小说集《都柏林人》中,以“灯”为代表的诸多意象表现出极为丰富的内涵。“灯”象征着都柏林人之虚假“希望”,“灯”的缺失状态则揭示了当时都柏林人受殖民者和教会双重压迫的黑暗生活。通过对“灯”意象的阐释,能进一步展示乔伊斯运用“刻薄语体”实现创作意图的精湛写作技巧,并可表现这位自愿流放者对国人命运的终极关怀。     

熔石英损伤修复形貌对光场调制的标量衍射理论研究

熔石英表面损伤对于传输光场以及光学系统有诸多不利影响,CO2激光修复技术可以提高损伤阈值,有效地消除或减轻损伤对光路的影响.本文利用数学仿真工具MATLAB和标量衍射理论针对大尺寸高斯以及圆锥类型修复形貌(非蒸发和蒸发修复)对光调制的影响进行相应的模拟仿真计算,获得修复形貌对传输光场的调制作用以及被调制光场在修复元件下游的衍射传输情况.本研究以355nm激光为激发波长进行相应的仿真计算,分别探讨了两种修复形貌对入射光场调制的异同以及该光场被调制后对下游光传输的影响.结果表明,CO2蒸发与非蒸发技术对损伤修复形貌的光场传输有着不同的影响,传输光场的调制度随着形貌的宽深比(半径R-深度L)不同而变化.因此,适当控制修复形貌及尺寸可在有效提高熔石英激光损伤阈值的同时避免调制光强过大对下游光学元件的再次损伤,以保证激光装置稳定运行.     

对光速理论相关问题的辩证唯物主义审视

"奥佩拉"项目结果所显示中微子超光速现象,激发"反例验证"和"理论审视"两方面工作。本文主要用辩证唯物主义原则对"光速不变原理"相关概念含义进行审视,尝试从主客对应、概念指意、过程实现等角度揭示可能隐潜着的一些问题,并给出了一些可能性的"切削"。     

光波叠加研究的计算机模拟法

在光波叠加的传统方法之上推导出计算公式，用计算机高级语言来编写程序，输入内存且运行后可在屏幕上模拟显示光强分布图，而且可以实现人机对话．灵活选择不同参数，可以得到比课本上更直观更多样化的图形，在教学中起到了很好的辅助作用     

贡貂制度与清代东北治策

“贡貂制度”是清代东北治策中的重要组成部分 ,它不仅对清朝政权的稳固及东北边疆的安全产生了非常重要的作用 ,而且对东北的历史进程与走向亦有重大而深远的影响。在此基础上 ,文章从正反两方面探讨了“贡貂制度”的利弊得失及其深层原因。     

审美现代性视野中的米兰·昆德拉

与卡林内斯库的审美现代性理论不同，米兰·昆德拉提出的“欧洲小说”观念，是以审美现代性对抗“资产阶级的现代性”的源头所在。米兰·昆德拉在小说理论和创作实践中展现出了对资产阶级的启蒙现代性的批判，和对审美现代性立场的坚执中产生的反省，阐述了他独特的“欧洲小说观”与审美现代性起源新说。他站在小说家的立场上，以审美现代性的态度，审视和评判现代生活，深入地考察了现代人生存中的一系列现象：媚俗，舞者，轻与重，快与慢，记忆与遗忘，革命、鸟托邦与抒情姿态，等等，犀利地揭示出其中的现代性悖谬。     

易卜生诗歌中的“光”——以《易卜生文集》第8卷中收录的61首诗歌为例

无论是现代戏剧之父,还是诗人易卜生,都值得我们关注和学习,易卜生的诗歌在一定程度上能够更加直观地表达诗人内心丰富复杂的情感,并与其剧作有着千丝万缕的联系。本文以《易卜生文集》第8卷中收录的61首诗歌为研究对象,将易卜生诗歌中的光分为四种:生命之光、洗礼之光、希望之光和恐惧之光。阐释易卜生诗歌中四种光的内涵和象征意义,并联系易卜生的戏剧作品,探索光的来源和相互之间的联系。     

透纳之光：瞬息变幻的光与色

结合英国学院派画家透纳的作品，分析他对瞬息变幻的光与色的捕捉，通过在绘画实践中感性经验和理性经验的累积来对透纳的实现绘画艺术目标进行了研究，阐述透纳的作品和透纳作为一个艺术家的自我价值实现过程，以及他的绘画艺术实践在艺术史中的影响和现实意义。     

Appropriate use of bright light promotes a durable adaptation to night-shifts and accelerates readjustment during recovery after a period of night-shifts

Abstract

The present study examines the stability of bright light circadian readjustment during two consecutive dim light night-work periods and circadian synchronization during the recovery after a night-shift period. A sample of 10 subjects was divided into 2 groups (control group: 6 subjects; experimental group: 4 subjects). All subjects worked during 5 days, between 23:00 and 07:00 h and then went to sleep. Subjects received 2500-3000 lux between 02:00 and 05:00 h during 5 days for the control group and 3 days for the experimental group. During recovery after the night-shift periods, three cycles of bright light were administered at two different times: 12:00-15:00 h for two of six subjects from the control group and 10:00-13:00 h for all subjects (4) of the experimental group. By the fifth cycle of night-work the maximum of urinary aMT6s excretion that occurs at 05:00 h in the baseline condition was shifted to 12:00 h for the control and experimental groups (delay in hours: 7±1.6 (control); 7±1 (experimental)). This result suggests that three cycles of bright light are sufficient to induce a significant phase delay and that this delay remained stable when night-work proceeded under dim light. The phase delay of the circadian aMT6s excretion by exposure to bright light was accompanied by an improvement of the quality of day sleep and level of cognitive and psychomotor performances for control and experimental groups. No significant difference was observed in the two groups for daytime sleep and nocturnal performance. The two bright light periods used during the three days of recovery induced a complete synchronization in five of six subjects. One subject showed a partial synchronization probably because he remained at the laboratory under dim light during the day and had few family and social contacts.