宋代方岳寿词的文化意蕴及艺术表现

贺寿之辞自先秦始,至南宋蔚为大观,但多言富贵荣华,情感苍白。南宋词人方岳因为国为民屡遭构陷,仕途坎坷,他将身世之悲、家国之痛融入到类型多样的寿词创作之中。贺长官词展示了他奇特的艺术构思与创作才能,贺亲友词在真挚祝福中流淌出对现实人生的感悟,那记载生命历程的自寿词背后则是盛年难再、壮志成空的无奈。南山虽好而庙堂难离,种种复杂的情感汇集于他的寿词创作之中,使其作品展示着独特的艺术魅力与审美价值。     

Challenges Experienced at Age 100: Findings From the Fordham Centenarian Study

ABSTRACT

This article examines the challenges experienced by very old individuals and their consequences for well-being and mental health. In order to capture unique issues experienced in very old age, 75 participants of the population-based Fordham Centenarian Study answered open-ended questions on everyday challenges. Theme-based coding was then used to categorize and quantify responses. The challenges mentioned most often were challenges faced in the functional (e.g., physical health/activities of daily living restrictions, mobility, sensory impairment), psychological (e.g., loss of well-liked activity, dependency, negative emotions, death), and social (e.g., family loss) life domains. Functional challenges were negatively associated with aging satisfaction and positively associated with loneliness. Psychological challenges were positively linked to aging satisfaction. Social challenges were marginally related to loneliness. Notably, challenges were not related to depression. In conclusion, the challenges experienced in very old age are multidimensional and multifaceted, unique in nature, and have differential relations to mental health. Functional, psychological, and social challenges affect very old individuals’ lives and therefore need to be better understood and addressed. Given their consequences, it is imperative for policy makers to develop an awareness for the different types of challenges faced by centenarians, as there may be unique policy implications related to each.     

新疆维吾尔自治区死亡水平的演变规律及分布特征分析

本文根据《新疆辉煌50年》及三次人口普查数据，分析了新疆维吾尔自治区历年来死亡率、死亡人数、死亡率模式、平均预期寿命等指标的演变过程及分布特征，试图揭示新疆维吾尔自治区死亡水平的内在变动规律，为计划生育及相关政府部门制定政策提供依据。     

Social Change and Social Policy in Japan

This paper aims to present and discuss social change and social policy in Japan after the mid-20th century from a sociological viewpoint. Japanese social change and social policy from the mid-20th century onward can be categorized into three models in chronological order: escape from mass poverty by means of industrialization, improvement of the social security system to establish a welfare state, and parallel progress of aspiration for a welfare society and workfare. Defined concretely, these are (1) the period that established and improved social security, which started immediately after the end of World War II and ended in 1973, when Japan began to suffer from low growth after enjoying high growth; (2) the period in which finance for social security was adjusted, halfway through which the country experienced a bubble economy; and (3) the period after the 1990s, in which the structural reform of social security went hand-in-hand with labor policy and the advent of globalization. In each of the three periods, the direction of social policy was affected by factors that caused changes in such areas as industrial structure (the decline of agriculture), demographic structure (an aging society), and family structure and work pattern (the growing trend of nuclear families, single-person households, and irregular employment). In Japan, life security now attracts increasing attention, and employment security rather than social security has been the central issue. As it is greatly affected by globalization, employment security grows less conspicuous and makes the vulnerability of social security grow more conspicuous. Social policy has the potential to become an area with which to struggle for national integration and fissures between social groups.     

论仙境信仰产生的思想根源

长生不死思想是仙境信仰的本质特征,这种思想导源于远古时期的灵魂不朽观念。当灵魂不朽观从族类生命不朽过渡为个体生命不朽后,与巫觋传统崇拜仙药的思想相结合,从而产生了仙境信仰。     

道教斋醮礼仪中的养生意蕴

"斋"的养生意蕴浓厚而直接,要求克制欲望,遵守生活和修行禁忌,心斋、坐忘、存思等内斋,本就是通过心灵作用调节生理机能进行养生的过程;"醮"则直接或间接地折射出道教特色的养生思维。从施咒者大多祈求被咒者健康平安的出发点来看,施咒和咒语本身都具有很浓厚的养生意图。符箓是传达天神意旨的符信,可以用来召神劾鬼,降妖镇魔,治病除灾,既体现着道教养生重生思想,又有着道教医学层面的治疗意义。     

“克隆转忆人”真的当求吗？——兼与韩东屏教授商榷

韩东屏教授试图通过“克隆转忆人”技术，实现“永生不死”的梦想，但“克隆转忆人”即使技术上可为，也未必当求。因为“克隆转忆人”并不是人们追求的此生永在。由于肉体和精神的分裂有可能滑向身心二元论、不断地自我重复移植不仅有可能消解生命的价值和意义，而且还违背了新陈代谢的根本法则。“克隆转忆人”技术的实质是对自然生命的“限定”、“促逼”和“强求”，使新生个体处于不自然、非本真状态，有可能给人类带来灾难性后果。     

养老计划倾向与商业养老保险需求——基于CFPS数据的实证研究

养老计划倾向作为一种行为因素，可以通过提高风险认知与管理意图，增加家庭对商业养老保险的需求。利用中国家庭追踪调查数据实证分析养老计划倾向与商业养老保险参保之间的关系，结果显示：（1）计算过养老费用的家庭会系统性地提高参保概率，计算过养老费用与否引致的参保概率差异占样本平均参保水平的40%以上；（2）养老费用计算结果也体现出逆向选择性，预计养老费用越高的家庭越倾向于参与商业养老保险；（3）养老计划倾向还会提高家庭对除商业养老保险外其他类型商业保险的需求，从而提高家庭整体商业保险参与水平。因此，提高家庭的养老计划倾向能有效促进商业养老保险市场，甚至整个商业保险市场的发展。     

试论道教"三元延寿"养生思想及其现代意义

三元是道教的一个重要术语和思想概念。道教三元思想渊源于周易的天、地、人三才说,三元并列是道教构建其庞大教义理论的一个重要思维模式。这种思维模式对道教养生思想与理论的建构发挥了积极作用,形成了富有道教特色的“三元延寿”养生思想。“三元延寿”养生思想集中体现在元代道教养生著作《三元延寿参赞书》中。“三元延寿”养生思想和理法具有系统性和综合性,不但将天元房中养生、地元起居养生、人元饮食养生紧密结合起来,而且强调养生从日常生活入手,注重以德养生,具有很强的实用操作性,有积极的现代价值。     

基于价格调整的长寿风险自然对冲策略

在长寿风险对冲框架下,通过引入外生的产品价格,构建了基于价格调整的自然对冲模型。首先运用最优化理论得到了模型最优产品配比的解析式,然后在实际的销售配比与模型的最优配比相等的约束下,推导出了寿险产品和年金产品的最优定价。该定价能够使得模型的最优配比真正被实现,即销售的配比刚好是使产品组合长寿风险最小化的最优配比。最后通过数值算例,阐述了基于价格调整的自然对冲策略的效果,并进一步分析了利率、承保年龄、性别等因素对自然对冲策略的影响。