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1.
《尚书》中的“惟圣罔念作狂,惟狂克念作圣”在后世经学阐释中逐渐开启了“狂”与“圣”之间的分野,宋代以降屡有对“狂”“圣”分野的质疑与重释,明代关于“狂”与“圣”的讨论开始往“心学”之路上走。王阳明在致良知的思想框架中阐释“狂”及“狂者胸次”,“圣”及“圣人气象”。王阳明认为,狂者依良知真是真非而行,在行为上“嘐嘐圣人而行不揜”,有“凤凰翔于千仞气象”。他提出“圣人之道,吾性自足”,将成圣的根据牢牢安置于人的内心,“圣人之学,惟是致此良知而已”,将圣人之道与自己的致良知之学绾合起来,高屋建瓴地提出“圣人气象不在圣人而在我”。在他的思想中“狂”与“圣”渐趋弥合,在他的人格上“狂者胸次”与“圣人气象”也渐趋融合。“狂者胸次”与“圣人气象”趋融的关捩就在于“裁”。以“致良知”裁之,“狂”之资与“圣”之质在阳明的人格上趋于圆融自如。  相似文献   
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In social research, the use of agree/disagree (A/D) questions is a popular method for measuring attitudes. Research has shown that A/D questions require complex cognitive processing and are susceptible to response bias. Thus, some researchers recommend the use of item-specific (IS) questions. This study examines the processing of A/D and IS questions, using eye-tracking methodology. By recording respondents’ eye movements, how respondents process survey questions can be evaluated. The results reveal that IS questions cause more and longer fixations. However, this only applies to the response categories. There are no differences regarding the question stems. Altogether, it seems that IS response categories trigger deeper cognitive processing than A/D response categories.  相似文献   
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This article explores discriminatory discourses articulated by Italian professionals operating in educational, health and social services for refugees in Rome, in relation to the educational and social inclusion of unaccompanied asylum-seeking and refugee children. It locates such narratives within the historical ‘concealment and invisibilisation of race and racism’ that have characterised Italy particularly since the end of the Second World War, while showing how they legitimate contemporary processes of disablement and over-representation of forced migrant children in the category of Special Educational Needs. A theoretical framework influenced by Dis/ability Critical Race Studies, Italian postcolonial studies, and Judith Butler’s notions of subjectivation and performative politics is used to discuss how a ‘colour-evasive’ racial ideology has seeped into various institutions in Italian society, and importantly into education policies and practices.  相似文献   
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儒学,尤其是以孔子为代表的原始儒学,究竟是学问,还是哲学、宗教、科学?这是儒学传承历史中的重大问题,也是儒学思想现代化特别是儒学思想当下生存和未来发展所直接面对的根本问题。从儒学思想自身发生和发展的历史看,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,构成了儒学思想自身传承系统的演化路径和存在状态;在全球化语境中,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,决定了儒学思想当下生存和未来发展的前途和命运。虽然,在儒学思想自身发展的历史上,儒学曾经被作为哲学(哲理化)、宗教(信仰化)和科学(技术化)而获得传承和发展并取得巨大成就,但由于遮蔽了儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,从而也就与现实的个人的生活世界渐行渐远。在市场经济生活方式渐次主导社会生活的今天,激活和启动儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,有利于克制道德冷漠、伦理疏松和人性功利化的趋向,也是儒学思想在全球化条件下生存和发展的可能路径和生存策略。  相似文献   
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This paper explores the growth of the academic study of nonprofit management and organizations in China by examining theses and dissertations written in China between 2000 and 2018. Using a keyword search, we collect and review 5,346 abstracts available in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Thesis and Dissertation database. The number of these theses and dissertations accelerated between 2000 and 2015 and slowed thereafter. Most theses and dissertations focus on the external context of nonprofit organizations (78%) and fewer on nonprofit management per se (22%). Thematic analysis reveals several broad subjects of study including organizational development, the character of the external environment and internal operations, financial and other resource support, and organizational performance. Trends across the 19‐year study period relating to national regions of origin, discipline, and theme are also explored. The development of nonprofit studies in China in some ways resembles the growth of this field in the United States and other western countries in past decades, but with distinct Chinese historical, sociocultural, and geographical characteristics.  相似文献   
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Conceptual linearity and analytic parochialism (aka focus) can make it more difficult for sociolinguists or discourse analysts to apprehend the far‐reaching, exploitative ways inequality is nowadays produced. A suitably material‐cum‐materialist class critique certainly entails empirical and phenomenological worlds flagged by, for example, multi‐sited ethnographies but otherwise side‐lined as merely “extra‐situational” in much talk/text‐directed scholarship. I propose we think more geographically by properly engaging spatiality à la Harvey (1990) and especially the radical politics of simultaneity (Massey, 2005)—the literal, “right‐now” connectedness of places and people. To this end, and allied with deepening interest in political economy, I combine the principles of articulation theory with the procedures of commodity chain analysis for picking apart an epitomic, contemporary manifestation of extreme privilege: the business‐class meal. The proposed discourse‐centred commodity chain analysis offers an ecumenical but systematic framework for tracking how commodity fetishism is actually and discursively accomplished (or not) across dispersed voices, stories, and social meanings.  相似文献   
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Milja Kurki 《Globalizations》2020,17(3):560-575
ABSTRACT

Despite the seeming fragmentation of the field of International Relations (IR), a theoretical common ground – not yet clearly perceived in the field – may in fact exist. Justin Rosenberg suggests that existing IR theories can all be conceived of as theories of ‘multiplicity’. This article carefully considers this proposition. It is argued that we may indeed read many IR theories as theories of multiplicity. Yet, in so doing we need to recognize the wide range of – and the contested nature of – perspectives on multiplicity in the field. Crucially, this leads us to conceive of multiplicity in an expanded way, beyond Rosenberg’s notion of ‘societal multiplicity’. Developing this more contested and expanded notion of multiplicity has important implications: for how we perceive IR and its limits in the years to come and, crucially, for the kind of trans-disciplinary dialogues IR scholars will engage in.  相似文献   
10.
Domestic work, once the most common occupation for women around the globe, was thought to be well on its way to extinction at the end of the twentieth century. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, evidence began to appear that domestic work was in many places again becoming a growth occupation. My goal in this article is to examine the factors related to the recent expansion of domestic work in countries in the Global North, using the United States as a case study. I draw on U.S. Census data to document the resurgence of domestic work both nationally and in many large cities across the country, and then use multivariate analysis to compare rates of domestic work across these cities. The results indicate that rates of domestic work are highly related to variables measuring structural inequalities (racialization of the labor force, immigration, and economic polarization), while showing little relationship with variables measuring unmet care needs (care dependency ratios, female/maternal labor force participation, and availability of institutional care options). These findings underline the urgency of providing protections to domestic workers and point to the need for scholarship that better theorizes the relationships among unpaid care and different forms of paid care.  相似文献   
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