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1.
Pluralist theorists have long contended that to exercise power and influence in the American political system, blacks should come together like any other organized interest group, form coalitions with other like-minded people (white liberals), and advocate for policy reforms. Beginning during the “Black Power” era, the goal of putting black faces in high places to help address black concerns became a driving force in black politics. The deteriorating social and economic status of many in the black community, however, has not been prevented by either the political incorporation of more than 11,000 black elected officials or even the election of the nation’s first black president. This article will show how the inherent limitations of the pluralist interest-group strategy and a growing white backlash fueled by an awareness of changing demographics in the country has spawned an economic and political crisis in black America.  相似文献   
2.
Though there is evidence linking the history of colonialism and oppression of Indigenous people to the high rates of rape and child sexual abuse experienced by this population today, it is less understood how colonial processes, past and present, condition the decision to disclose or report victimization. Drawing on a survivorship storytelling study of rural Alaska Native survivors of child sexual abuse, this paper underscores the importance of centering colonialism in understanding the culture of silence surrounding sexual victimization among Indigenous people. Results show that reasons for non-disclosure are quite embedded within larger social, historical and political themes of colonialism, oppression, and marginalization. Implications for policy and praxes are discussed, as well as a broader mandate of social change to remove barriers to disclosure.  相似文献   
3.
艾菊红 《民族学刊》2021,12(10):46-52, 121
詹姆斯?斯科特(James C. Scott)认为,基督教在赞米亚地区广泛传播的主要原因是与山地族群的先知主义和千禧年宇宙观契合,从而使基督教成为山地族群借用的意识形态与谷地国家对抗,逃避谷地的统治。然而民国时期,中国西南山地民族皈信基督教的例子则显示,基督教为这些民族带来符合现代社会秩序的价值理念和行为规范,促使山地民族进入现代性的社会化道路,这恰恰符合了国民政府对于山地民族长期以来的教化愿望,期望将山地民族真正纳入国家的治理体系之下。因而基督教进入“赞米亚”区域,虽然也有逃避统治与国家相对抗的一面,同样也有与国家意识形态相一致的一面,促使山地民族适应国家并进入国家。这可能是斯科特所忽略的一个重要方面。  相似文献   
4.
Using Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade.  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

Educational programs for hepatitis C (HCV) have been created by professionals. There has not been a focus on whether what clients want to know about HCV differs from what providers want patients to know. This study addresses this gap by examining topics selected by participants in an education/support group model. Data were collected as part of a randomized psychoeducation trial for patients with HCV. Topics were systematically generated by the members uniquely for each group. Topics and rank order for each group were generated and a combined variable was created. Twenty-eight different topics were identified across 12 groups. The total number of topics was 102, averaging 8.5 per group. Topics are divided into three separate conceptual groups, members’ personal relationship to HCV, medical aspects of HCV, and unique concerns. A patient-centered approach that addresses the needs of HCV patients first provides an optimal starting point to discuss HCV disease management.  相似文献   
6.
关宇霞  强健  张积家 《民族学刊》2021,12(12):50-59, 129
本研究以我国北方三少民族达斡尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族的青少年为被试,基于对文化适应的量化表达考察其社会变迁情况并梳理主要影响因子。量化的结果显示,三少民族青少年对本民族文化适应差异不显著,对主流文化适应差异显著,反映出三个族群各具特点的社会变迁情况;文化智力、人格、母语水平、族际通婚、父母受教育程度等是具有显著意义的文化适应的影响因子。结合田野调查和文献分析发现,政府决策、生计方式、民族杂居等对于文化适应具有显著影响,进而影响该民族的社会变迁。本研究对于探析中华民族多元融合和铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有实证意义。  相似文献   
7.
The transfer of advantage and disadvantage across multiple generations is receiving increasing attention in the international literature; however, transfers of resources across multiple generations in Australian families are less well understood. Using a longitudinal dataset of Australian children, we have the opportunity to not only investigate the transfer of educational resources across three generations in Australia, but also investigate the gendered nature of these transfers, which has been a limitation of other studies. We find no evidence of individual grandparent education effects on numeracy and reading scores for grandchildren in Year 3, independent of parent educational attainment and other covariates. However, significant effects on numeracy and reading scores were observed for children in families where both the grandmother and grandfather in maternal and paternal grandparent sets had high educational attainment (a diploma or university qualification), and where either or both the mother and father had a university qualification. These results suggest that the contribution of grandparents to the academic achievement of grandchildren cannot be fully explained by the parent generation and that the concentration of human capital in families contributes to educational inequalities across multiple generations that can be observed by eight years of age.  相似文献   
8.
A randomized exploratory clinical trial comparing an experimental treatment with a control treatment on a binary endpoint is often conducted to make a go or no‐go decision. Such an exploratory trial needs to have an adequate sample size such that it will provide convincing evidence that the experimental treatment is either worthwhile or unpromising relative to the control treatment. In this paper, we propose three new sample‐size determination methods for an exploratory trial, which utilize the posterior probabilities calculated from predefined efficacy and inefficacy criteria leading to a declaration of the worthwhileness or unpromisingness of the experimental treatment. Simulation studies, including numerical investigation, showed that all three methods could declare the experimental treatment as worthwhile or unpromising with a high probability when the true response probability of the experimental treatment group is higher or lower, respectively, than that of the control treatment group.  相似文献   
9.
在全面加强社会主义民主政治制度建设的背景下,人民享有更多的利益表达权是必然趋势,公共政策制定中健全完善的利益表达机制不仅是现实利益分配的需要,更是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的要求。在公共政策制定的利益表达机制中,主体、客体、渠道、方式“四位一体”的协调贯通是主题;目前尚存在主体不平衡、客体不作为、渠道不畅通、方式较激进等问题;妥善解决弱势群体的非制度化利益表达是我们面临的一大难题;通过四大措施健全和完善公共政策制定中的利益表达治理机制是破题之道。  相似文献   
10.
弱势群体保护问题是当今社会,尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题,应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法,在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上,积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据,要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡;另一方面,社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑,要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中,弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑,而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路:破除观念束缚,培育和构建公民社会;丰富社会主体形式,弥补行政保障不足;完善其他社会帮扶途径。  相似文献   
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