翻译理论视角下的戏剧剧本翻译及原则

随着中外文化交流的日渐频繁与深入，中国要向世界展现华夏文明和中国文化，而戏剧正是文化的精髓。我国有丰富的剧种和曲目繁多的优秀剧目，要有效地展现中国文化就要让优秀剧目跨出国门尽显中国戏剧的魅力。然而由于戏剧剧本的内容有大量的文言句式和诗词曲赋，在翻译中要有效地传递诗词曲赋的意象美面临很多挑战。同时，戏剧剧本的内容中还有大量的古代典故和戏剧术语，这些对于中国人都陌生的中国元素要有效地传递给全世界的朋友就需要有高质量的翻译。翻译的高质量需要有效翻译理论的指导，文章尝试用翻译剧本为例，阐述翻译理论指导下的戏剧剧本翻译的翻译原则。     

Agency of internal transnationalism in social memory

The article examines the limitations of methodological nationalism in the studies of social memory through a case study of memory of Stalinist repression in Belarus. It analyses how various social agencies – national and local activists, religious organisations, and international foundations – use the memory of repression for constructing post‐Soviet Belarusian identity by embedding their national representations in larger transnational frameworks. Drawing on the concept of ‘internal globalisation’, this article develops the idea of ‘internal transnationalism’ that suggests the importance of wider transnational configurations for the definition of nation. Internalized transnationalism does not make a national memory concept less nation‐centred, but it affects the choice of its cultural, political and civilizational framing. In contrast to methodological cosmopolitanism that implies rediscovering of the national as an internalized global, methodological transnationalism emphasizes the multiplicity of co‐existing transnational networks that can be invoked by social actors in their national mnemonic agenda. Using the case of the Kurapaty memorial site the article analyses how multiple framings of memory representations – the Belarusian national memory, liberal anti‐communist memory, contesting memories, such as Polish, Baltic and Jewish – compete and juxtapose in the space of social memory of political repression.     

Toward General Principles for Resilience Engineering

Maintaining the performance of infrastructure-dependent systems in the face of surprises and unknowable risks is a grand challenge. Addressing this issue requires a better understanding of enabling conditions or principles that promote system resilience in a universal way. In this study, a set of such principles is interpreted as a group of interrelated conditions or organizational qualities that, taken together, engender system resilience. The field of resilience engineering identifies basic system or organizational qualities (e.g., abilities for learning) that are associated with enhanced general resilience and has packaged them into a set of principles that should be fostered. However, supporting conditions that give rise to such first-order system qualities remain elusive in the field. An integrative understanding of how such conditions co-occur and fit together to bring about resilience, therefore, has been less clear. This article contributes to addressing this gap by identifying a potentially more comprehensive set of principles for building general resilience in infrastructure-dependent systems. In approaching this aim, we organize scattered notions from across the literature. To reflect the partly self-organizing nature of infrastructure-dependent systems, we compare and synthesize two lines of research on resilience: resilience engineering and social-ecological system resilience. Although some of the principles discussed within the two fields overlap, there are some nuanced differences. By comparing and synthesizing the knowledge developed in them, we recommend an updated set of resilience-enhancing principles for infrastructure-dependent systems. In addition to proposing an expanded list of principles, we illustrate how these principles can co-occur and their interdependencies.     

Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse in China: A Meta-Analysis

The objective of the current study was to explore the estimated prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in China. We conducted a meta-analysis that used the data from 36 articles. A total of 125 independent samples and 131,734 participants were included. The results revealed no significant difference in the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse between Chinese men (9.1%) and women (8.9%). The prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in studies from mainland areas was significantly higher than that from Hong Kong/Taiwan. The estimated prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in China also differed according to the definition of child sexual abuse, data collection method, year of data collection, and the mean age of participants at the time of assessment.     

Comparing ‘deep’ insider knowledge: developing analytical strategies for cross-national qualitative studies

ABSTRACT

One overarching question in scholarly methodological discussions on qualitative comparative approaches concerns how it is possible to compare and generalise deep insider knowledge across (nationally) specific contexts. The aim of this article is to propose a research strategy that both facilitates the comparison and theorisation of such knowledge across nations and limits the risks of reproducing naturalised national ‘truths’. The strategy is developed within a feminist, cross-national, qualitative comparative analysis of how European countries addressed military deaths in connection with the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. The article underlines the importance of collective analytical work and of strategies that allow continuous movement between insider and outsider positions throughout the research process. A number of analytical strategies are presented: collective project design, alternating between analytical closeness and distance, and de-familiarising writing practices.     

革命与更化:立国时刻的治体重构

中国政治传统中积累了深厚的立国智慧，注重统一、安定之后的政教重建。古典革命本身意味着社会政治风化的向善提升、最终指向政治共同体精神的教化变迁。更化就代表了政治体致力于善治的文明化转变。儒家传统对于更化有全盘复古和与时损益两种激缓进路，渐进调适论在历史中更显出实践稳健性。政治更化着眼于立国构造中政治精英群体的养成，以此影响立国精神与政治权力再分配，体现出兼顾政治信念与宪制结构的治体论意识。文教振兴因此有其宪制蕴涵。更化立国的政治技艺，避免全盘复古的激进变法冲动，也避免将政治转型急切聚焦于政体制度的大规模改变。这是我们理解中国政治变迁的关键维度。     

引经决狱与两汉法官造法之价值分析

汉朝伴随着儒家思想法律化进程的加快,司法官员常常通过引经决狱制作判例,规避法律,这种做法对两汉判例体系创建、司法官员自由裁量权的实现及儒家轻刑主张的具体实施意义重大,也为我们今天法官造法功能的实现提供了借鉴。     

从话语权看中国特色大国外交话语的建构原则

中国特色大国外交话语体系的建构需要考虑多元文化之间的话语权竞争,结合话语传播中要素资源的利用来确定基本原则。这要求我们克服西方二元对立的话语权力观,树立社会建构主义的辩证话语权力观。我们需要挖掘中国优秀传统文化,融合其他民族的优秀文化,建立科学的中国特色外交话语理论体系,适时提出中国话题和中国方案,增强我国的内容掌控权。在参与者上,除传统外交中的政府机构和人员外,还需要组织调动各种非政府组织、企业、机构、个人参与公共外交话语活动,利用通俗方式对外方的普通民众进行潜移默化的宣传解释。在平台上,在加强对传统媒介资源的利用之外,还要充分调动书刊、影视、广告、自媒体等大众传媒手段,增强我国的媒体控制权。这些原则须置于整体外交话语体系之中,保证我国外交话语体系的建构有助于增强我国的外交话语权。     

明清老学的主要特点与成就

明清老学内容丰富,在思想上也仍然具有创造性,并呈现出新的时代特点。通过梳理《老子》的注解,结合儒道释思想在老学中的融合与老学的民间化进程,对明清时期老学的主要特点、地位与价值进行分析。研究认为,明清时期对老子思想政治功能的阐述达到了新的高度,主张藏富于民,提出如何限制君主权力的问题,同时以儒家的经世思想改造道家的贵身理念,继承了“天下为公”的儒家传统,同时有限度地肯定了私的价值和合理性,由此发展出具有一定政治启蒙色彩的公私观。研究还认为,在儒、道、释三教关系上,明清学者在老学中并不局限于简单的比附,而是注意揭示儒、道、释之间能够互通合一的深层原因,有的以气沟通三教之道,认为儒、道、释各家的修养方法虽然不同,但追求的理想境界却异曲同工;有的从老子“正言若反”的否定思维方式出发进行分析,认为老子并不是要绝弃儒家的仁义礼智,理解老子的思想,一定要注意其“立言之大意”,或正言若反,或反言若正,而老子的主要思想是以修身治国为主,抓住了这一主旨及老子的立言特点,便知“孔老之合一,儒道之同源”。研究表明,随着明清道教发展的下移,其与民间信仰的结合日益紧密,与此相关,明清道教老学中出现了民间化的趋势,这正是道教影响中国社会、文化、信仰的独特方式和具体体现。     

加拿大地方治理创新及其启示

面对着经济全球化、政治民主化以及国内外一系列经济、政治、社会困境,加拿大不仅对联邦政府的职能、府际关系、运行形式等进行了一些调整,而且还对地方政府的政府职能、组织结构、公民参与形式等治理机制进行了一系列创新。遵循着有利于节约、有利于公平、有利于消除地区冲突的加拿大地方治理创新,虽然与当代中国地方治理的发展在各个方面有很大的不同,但是,它的内在逻辑对于每一个国家包括像中国这样的转型性的社会主义国家却都是共同的,从而也为我国地方治理发展带来一些启示。