有组织犯罪与腐败的共生性问题研究

有组织犯罪和腐败都是当今世界严峻的社会问题。有组织犯罪与腐败绝对不是孤立的犯罪,两者互惠互利,共生共存,形成共生模式,产生共生能量,加速了有组织犯罪和腐败的社会危害。有组织犯罪与腐败共生导致了有组织犯罪的力量不断膨胀,使政治腐败变本加厉,经济和精神领域逐渐被染黑,导致政府对有组织犯罪的查处难度不断加大。为了遏制有组织犯罪和腐败的发生,政府必须加强对有组织犯罪和腐败的立法进程;从制度和机构建设方面,预防有组织犯罪和腐败共生;加强国际合作,从世界范围共同打击有组织犯罪和腐败犯罪。     

动态平衡 互利共生——翻译教学的外部生态环境研究

翻译教学关注的焦点不仅是翻译理论知识的传授,更重要的是翻译能力的培养。因此,翻译教学活动不应局限于课堂（内部生态）,而应延伸至社会（外部生态）。运用教育学和生态学理论探讨外部生态环境对翻译教学的制约和促进机制,认为只有在更大的社会环境中才能使翻译教学内、外部生态相互关联,培养学生的翻译能力和职业能力,实现翻译教学内、外部生态的动态平衡和互利共生,完成翻译教学任务,满足社会对翻译人才的需求。     

五言诗用“语助”论

古人在评注诗文时，将无明确意义的字词称为“语助”。“语助”入诗作为古典诗歌创作中的常用技巧，至迟在宋代已经被论诗者所关注。“语助”虽无实义，但通过分析具体诗例，可知其在诗歌中能够起到填充音节、延宕节奏、抑扬语气、丰富诗意层次等作用，有独特的艺术效果。古人使用“语助”时还遵循一定的规律，不同类型的“语助”往往被安排在五言诗句中的特定位置，这与五言诗歌的节奏、结构特点密切相关。探讨“诗用语助”现象，有助于更好地理解“虚实相生”在中国古典诗学中的独特内涵。     

Persistence of a fig wasp population and evolution of dioecy in figs: a simulation study

The relationship between fig trees and their pollinator wasps is a well-known example of species-specific obligate mutualism. In this article we present a stochastic model of this mutualistic system, referring to data on a dioecious fig (Ficus schwarzii) in Borneo, and examine the conditions for the persistence of a wasp population for a given period. (1) When the average duration of the flowering interval of fig trees is short, even a small fig population can sustain a wasp population successfully. A population whose average period of flowering cycle is half that of another population can sustain a wasp population with a number of trees less than half of the other population. (2) The wasp survival rate (WSR) is higher when (a) the variation of the interval periods of fig flowering is smaller, (b) the fig population size is larger, and (c) figs can prolong their receptivity to wait for a wasp if no wasps are available. (3) WSR is predictable from the average proportion of the fig's receptive phases, in which wasps are available, to their total receptive phases. (4) The persistence period of a wasp population increases exponentially with the number of fig trees. Based on these results we propose a new hypothesis, as a possible scenario, on the evolution of dioecy from monoecy in Ficus. Received: November 13, 1998 / Accepted: July 14, 1999     

民族性·现实性·互融性——关于汉语修辞与汉文化关系的研究

汉语修辞与汉文化在发展过程中存在着相互关联与共变的关系。当前两者关系的研究 ,应注意三个问题 :一、立足于汉语修辞与汉文化的民族性的层面 ;二、在继承传统的基础上着重现实意义的挖掘 ;三、关注人类语言与文化的交融、互补性。唯此 ,方可将汉语修辞与汉文化的理论和应用的研究推向一个新的阶段。     

Interspecific relations in forest floor coleopteron assemblages: Niche overlap and guild structure

Summary In six different environments of the Towada-Hachimantai National Park, the forest floor coleopterons were sampled by means of pitfall traps with five different baits. Their niche breadths and niche overlaps were assessed for the electivity of habitat, bait, and habitat × bait, and compared with those expected from neutral models constructed randomly. The niche breadths in the observed assemblages were smaller than those expected from the neutral model, while the niche overlaps were more widely distributed than those expected from the neutral model. Mean overlaps between species neighbors in niche space, cluster analyses, and ordinations of species revealed a guild for habitat, bait and habitat × bait. Lawlor’s (1979) gamma matrices concerning the habitat electivity show that the rates of mutualism resulted from indirect interspecific competitions are significantly smaller in the guild than in the whole assemblage. This suggests that the interspecific competition among the guild members is mitigated or even converted into mutualism by joining of the species which do not belong to the guild. The rates of mutualism were also significantly larger in the resource state of two dimensions (habitat × bait) than in that of either one. Therefore, if niche overlaps are measured on the basis of resource state of multi-dimensions, the rates of mutualism may increase further.     

What was Bitcoin,what will it be? The techno-economic imaginaries of a new money technology

In its first decade, Bitcoin has not proven to be a practical money form for most circumstances, but it has become a staging ground for debate around the cultural role of money in society. This debate is poised between two related but ultimately incompatible techno-economic imaginaries: infrastructural mutualism and digital metallism. Each offers a theory not just of money, but also of relations, identities, and the larger imaginaries we call ‘society’ and ‘the economy’. In particular, they offer distinct visions of what it means to be a ‘peer’ in a peer-to-peer money system, and perhaps, a peer-to-peer society. This article traces the pre-history of Bitcoin, as well as more recent developments, to inquire about its future, as well as the future of money more broadly.     

社会建构论的意识观及其积极意义

当代心理学研究的社会建构论这一新取向,不仅对科学心理学展开了系统的批判和反思,同时也对意识这一传统的心理学重大问题提出了一种建设性的积极探索。在社会建构论者看来,高级意识问题是意识经验建构中必然涉及的问题,可以在建构主义的维度上进行解释。意识经验不仅是神经生理的产物,同时也是一种主观社会建构的心理现象。深入地研究社会建构论的意识观,对于丰富意识心理学的理论和实践研究具有一定的学术意义。     

一类近似循环系数的互惠共生n种群Volterra系统的稳定性

本文利用线性化方法和Liapunov函数的方法研究了一类的似循环系数的互惠共生n种群Volterra系统的稳定性，得出一个简单的结论，即系统若存在正平衡点，则它一定是全局稳定的，从系统的模型上推广了前人的成果。     

互利共生:中心城市与其高校的关系准则

共生既是普遍存在的生物现象,也是普遍存在的社会现象。中心城市与其举办的高校天然地具有共生关系,"内外合力,共建大学","同呼吸,共命运",互利共生是中心城市与其高校最理想的关系模式,也是处理中心城市与其高校关系的准则。为此,中心城市高校要坚定为地方服务的宗旨,在服务之中求生存和发展;进行机制创新和制度化建设,促进中心城市与其高校互利双赢,共同发展。