需要·价值·利益

需要、价值与利益三个范畴,是人类生活中三种既密切相关又有本质区别的重要现象在观念上的反映,也是马克思主义哲学中的三个基础性范畴。需要、价值与利益都是反映主客体关系的范畴,需要侧重的是主体对客体存在着某种要求的矛盾关系,价值侧重的是客体属性与主体需要之间存在的客观上的一致关系,利益侧重的是客体属性对整个主体生存与发展的积极的影响关系。     

道德需要与制度公正

道德需要是道德行为的原动力,在道德建设中具有重要的意义。而道德需要作为个体社会属性的一种应然存在,要转化为一种现实的道德力量,需要有良好的外部社会机制即公正合理的社会制度的保障。因此,要激发和提升个体的道德需要就必须加强制度建设,有效地发挥制度在个体道德需要方面的激励和导向功能。     

现代图书馆如何实现知识服务

知识服务是建立在图书馆服务功能和专门知识基础上的知识和个性化服务方式。实行知识管理、构建知识服务体系、研究知识用户需求和运用支持知识服务的新型技术机制是实现图书馆知识服务的有效途径。     

关于高等学校教师流动的探讨

高校教师是高层次的教学、文化和科技工作者 ,在市场经济体制下必然成为各用人单位争取引进的对象。高校教师的流动具有频繁性、方式的多样性、失衡性等特点。究其原因有需要因素、环境因素和文化因素。采取协调、控制和顺应高校教师需要 ,创新激励机制 ,发挥人才市场导向功能等对策 ,可以促进高校教师合理流动     

社会主义市场经济条件下的人性假设

社会主义市场经济应该把“经济人”作为它的人性选择。“经济人”具有两层内涵 :一是指受人类利己主义支配的追求、自身物质利益最大化的人 ;二是指把对物质利益、金钱的追求作为自己的人生目的而非手段 ,并把其看作是为满足自身自我实现需要的人。当前 ,明确经济人的两层内涵对现阶段我国市场经济发展具有重要的现实意义     

Threshold decisions: how social workers prioritize referrals of child concern

This paper examines local authority social workers' decision‐making when considering referrals of children, where the concerns are on the margin of child protection procedures. In doing so, it describes the findings of a qualitative research study undertaken in the policy context of attempts to ‘refocus’ social work practice in the late 1990s and early twenty‐first century. Data collection involved interviews with social workers and parents in 23 cases. Conclusions are that referrals were evaluated on the basis of five key factors, specificity, severity, risk, parental accountability and corroboration, the use of which determined whether an initial assessment or an investigation of alleged abuse took place. The analysis builds on previous work in the child protection field, but demonstrates how the application of these factors differs between cases of child concern and cases of child protection. Policy implications concern the complexity of decision‐making in the uncertain context of limited referral information and it is proposed that the simplistic notion of a continuum of abuse is now outdated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国城市交通可持续发展初探

本文首先给出了城市交通发展与城市交通环境影响互动机理的计算公式 ,在此基础上提出了城市交通环境损害治理的完整逻辑体系 ,然后结合我国的实际情况 ,从环境经济与技术经济的角度出发 ,就我国城市交通的可持续发展发表了相关看法。     

企业进行农民工管理探索

农民工是我国改革开放后经济社会发展过程中出现的一个特殊社会群体,他们正在成为我国产业工人的主体,越来越多地参与到城市的经济活动和企业的经营管理中来。农民工管理是我国企业应当承担的社会责任,把握农民工的群体特点和需求特征,是企业探索农民工管理的关键。加强薪酬管理、改善工作生活环境和进行职业生涯规划是企业当前进行农民工管理最重要和最紧迫的任务。     

The bumpy road to ‘becoming’: capturing the stories that teenage mothers told about their journey into motherhood

Understanding the experience of women who become mothers during their teenage years is central to ensuring that the support that is offered is appropriate to meet their needs. This paper reports on a small part of a larger ethnographic study that captured the lived experience of young mothers who were between the ages of 16 and 19 years that potentially typifies and illuminates the experiences of young women who become mothers in their teenage years. By collecting data from narrative interviews as well as participant and non‐participant observations over an extended period of time it was possible to identify how the young women experienced a range of difficulties as they made their transition into motherhood. Drawing on the findings, this paper argues that this transition for teenage mothers can be significantly different from the experience of older mothers, and it identifies the importance of appropriate support to mediate the challenges that they face. Understanding the young women's journey to ‘becoming’ is critical when planning services because if their experience of support is negative, it can lead to increased levels of maternal stress and reluctance to engage with support services.     

The Effects of Neighborhood Variables on Needs of Social Care: A Hierarchical Multiple Regression of Senior Residents in China

Community-based elder care has become a dominant model in the world. However, the role of community-level factors in helping or hindering the individuals concerned in obtaining the needed care has not received much attention. This research aims to investigate how community-level factors, including neighborhood disadvantage, residential instability, and social service environment affect the need for instrumental, medical, and emotional services of Chinese senior residents. Employing the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the results show that instrumental activities of daily living impairment contributed significantly to the need for instrumental, medical and emotional services. Living alone was found to be associated with the need for medical and emotional services. Objective socioeconomic status was only significantly related to the need for medical care. The type of urban community was positively associated with the need for instrumental services and was negatively related to the need for medical care. Residential instability was positively associated with of the need for instrumental services and medical care. Social service environments had heterogeneous effects on the need for social services. However, neighborhood disadvantage had no significant impact on the need for social services. Implications for future research and policy reform were also discussed.