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1.
Right in Amsterdam’s picturesque Canal Zone, on and around Zeedijk, Chinese entrepreneurs have carved out a presence in what seems like the local Chinatown. The businessmen have been targeting Asian and non-Asian customers by offering products that – to an extent – can be associated with Asia, China in particular. Since the early 1990s, individual entrepreneurs and their business organisations have campaigned for official acknowledgement of Zeedijk as an ethnic-only district and for governmental support of the enhancement of Chineseness. Following Hackworth and Rekers. [(2005). “Ethnic Packaging and Gentrification. The Case of Four Neighborhoods in Toronto.” Urban Affairs Review 41 (2): 211–236], we argue that this case challenges traditional understandings of ethnic commercial landscapes. In sharp contrast to the current orthodoxy, which would conceive the proliferation of such an ‘ethnic enclave’ as part of a larger process of assimilation, we have approached Amsterdam’s Chinatown first and foremost as a themed economic space: Chinese and other entrepreneurs compete for a share of the market and in doing also for the right to claim the identity of the area. What is the historical development of the Zeedijk area, how did Chinese entrepreneurs and their associations try to boost Chinatown and negotiate public Chineseness, and how did governmental and non-governmental institutional actors respond to those attempts?  相似文献   
2.
This study explores the identity work carried out by three female owner‐managers in creative industry businesses, identified in Government reports as a discriminatory industrial sector for women in the UK. Through the development of narratives by the owners and other participants, observation of practice and review of online and offline materials, three cases emerged. These showed overlapping, different identities developed and performed through identity work. Each presented rational and logical persona as business leaders despite observation showing extensive use of intuition and gut feeling in both creative and entrepreneurial aspects of the business. Intuition and gut feeling were seen as inappropriate at work as they belonged to the home sphere, emotionally based and therefore automatically unreliable. While occupying male stereotypes and avoiding the female realm of emotion at work, these women expressed femininity through their emphasis on the maternal, ‘being a good mother' as a desired ideal being embedded in work as well as home practice.  相似文献   
3.
Since the early 1990s, there has been investment in women's entrepreneurship policy (WEP) in Sweden, which continued until 2015. During the same period, Sweden assumed neoliberal policies that profoundly changed the position of women within the world of work and business. The goals for WEP changed as a result, from entrepreneurship as a way to create a more equal society, to the goal of unleashing women's entrepreneurial potential so they can contribute to economic growth. To better understand this shift we approach WEP as a neoliberal governmentality which offers women ‘entrepreneurial’ or ‘postfeminist’ subject positions. The analysis is inspired by political theorist Nancy Fraser who theorized the change as the displacement of socioeconomic redistribution in favour of cultural recognition, or identity politics. We use Fraser's concepts in a discourse analysis of Swedish WEP over two decades, identifying two distinct discourses and three discursive displacements. Whilst WEP initially gave precedence to a radical feminist discourse that called for women's collective action, this was replaced by a postfeminist neoliberal discourse that encouraged individual women to assume an entrepreneurial persona, start their own business, compete in the marketplace and contribute to economic growth. The result was the continued subordination of women business owners, but it also obscured or rendered structural problems/solutions, and collective feminist action, irrelevant.  相似文献   
4.
基于ROS平台的机械臂精确控制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于我国东部农民工城市创业数据的分析,考察农民工城市创业历程(包括初次创业和调查时点的此次创业)是否受其人力资本的影响。结果表明:人力资本对于农民工进入初次创业与进入此次创业转折点均有显著影响。由此,应尽快制定与完善相关政策(包括加强学历教育、职业教育与创业教育等),帮助农民工开启城市创业,并促使创业者尽快实现由生存型创业向发展型创业的转化。  相似文献   
5.
In this article, we report on a qualitative and interpretative research project in which we gained in‐depth knowledge about dynamics in ten federal public policy units in Belgium where a service user with experience of poverty was employed. Starting from an institutional theory perspective, it was argued that these service users with experience of poverty can possibly feature as institutional entrepreneurs or agents of change who initiate a critical reflection in the mindset of fellow social administrators about taken‐for‐granted practices, routines and rationales. In order to fulfill this ambition, we equally stressed that service users with experience of poverty should be able to perform two other roles as well: to provide direct support to citizens, especially those living in poverty during their contacts with a public policy unit, and to formulate concrete propositions to change some of the policy units' internal procedures. Our research findings reveal that these two roles provide a necessary breeding ground for further interaction and (in)formal dialogue between service users with experience of poverty and fellow social administrators about the quality and accessibility of service delivery. However, installing this shared responsibility proves to be a valuable but also gradual process, and we argue that it is therefore undesirable when service users with experience of poverty act as so‐called ‘heroes’ in changing these taken‐for‐granted institutional practices, routines and rationales.  相似文献   
6.
基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证分析了乡村创业对农村老人养老困境的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)总体上,乡村创业能够显著提升农村老人的养老经济支持与精神慰藉,但存在性别和年龄等群体特征差异;(2)在经济支持方面,乡村创业通过创造就业机会来提升老人的储蓄能力,增加其养老经济支持。但吸引青壮年返乡的中介路径会增加老人的生活成本,从而削减了养老经济支持;(3)在精神慰藉方面,乡村创业通过发展农村集体经济,改善农村养老服务基础设施,增加老人与子女及社会交往的机会,进而提升其精神慰藉水平。基于此,政府的政策着力点应鼓励各类人员返乡入乡创业,推动农村一二三产业融合发展,给农村低龄老人提供就业创业机会,在充分发挥农村老年人口人力资本的同时,增加农村老人从乡村集体经济发展中获得的收益,从而促进其养老困境突破。  相似文献   
7.
在中国经济转型的大市场环境下,企业如何将公司创业的意愿成功付诸于创业行动,是学术界广泛讨论的话题。文章利用全国私营企业调查问卷表数据,以102家私营企业作为案例样本,通过模糊集定性比较分析(QCA)方法将企业家个体特质与情境两个层面整合,同时从这两个层面进一步细分,去探讨组态效应对公司创业的多重并发影响机制。经过数据分析可以获知,企业家的社群式身份是高公司创业活跃度的必要条件,且导致高公司创业活跃度有四条组态(路径);导致非高公司创业活跃度的有一条组态(路径),两者之间存在非对称关系。  相似文献   
8.
2015年,随着中央“大众创业万众创新”号召的提出,高科技创业再度成为国内各界所共同关注的重要课题。创业的实质是识别与利用创业机会,其成功与否将取决于团队、政府、高校和投资机构等内外部组织间紧密合作的生态系统。以典型性高科技创业的亲子幼教网创始人3次创业过程为案例研究对象,基于机会识别和利用的适配性视角,深入探讨亲子幼教网创业生态系统动态演化的过程机理。通过对案例的研究发现,亲子幼教网创业者3次创业生态系统经历了资本主导型创业、市场主导型创业和创业者主导型创业3个阶段;每个阶段创业者对创业机会的识别与利用方式具有不同的特征;以典型性高科技创业的亲子幼教网创业生态系统中,创业机会识别与利用的不断适配推动创业生态系统的动态演化,而创业者的机会观是推动创业生态系统发展的关键因素。  相似文献   
9.
通过对我国专车服务市场制度变革过程的纵向案例研究,探讨了组织场域中的集体行动如何推动制度逻辑演化的内在机制问题。研究发现:制度逻辑的演化过程主要经历了分离、冲突和共存三种状态,不同的制度逻辑的演化是由行动主体能动性策略和资源利用所构建的集体行动模式差异性驱动的。制度变革机会的涌现促使场域中的行动主体采用协调性的集体行动模式,促成了新制度逻辑的生成,并导致了新、旧两种制度逻辑的分离;在制度变革机会变得模糊的场域中,行动主体非协调的集体行动促使新、旧两种制度逻辑之间的激烈冲突;而在制度变革机会沉没的情境下,行动主体再协调性的集体行动最终促成了新、旧两种制度逻辑的共存。研究结论对我国当前复杂制度环境下新兴业态的发展以及传统业态的协同治理提供了重要的借鉴和启示。  相似文献   
10.
Building on recent efforts to bring a socio-political perspective to social capital research, we develop and test a multilevel framework that explains why middle managers who occupy brokerage positions differ in their ability and willingness to engage in entrepreneurial behavior. More specifically, we provide a contextualized understanding of the links among middle managers' brokerage, their political-support ties, and their personal initiative. Results derived from data on 383 middle managers and 72 top managers in 34 business units indicate that political-support ties with top managers strengthen the relationship between middle managers’ brokerage and personal initiative. However, this positive effect depends on the social capital resources available in the focal business unit. It is attenuated in business units with a supportive and trusting social context and amplified in business units with high levels of internal connectedness. By uncovering these incompatibilities and complementarities, our study demonstrates the value of accounting for different social capital configurations and the interplay of their inherent social capital resources when examining the effects of brokerage on corporate entrepreneurship.  相似文献   
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