Perceptions of Benzodiazepine Dependence Among Women Age 65 and Older

A phenomenological study explored whether older women who are chronic benzodiazepine users identified themselves as dependent, how dependence was perceived, and how meanings and understandings shaped experiences of benzodiazepine use. Self-reported benzodiazepine dependence was associated with being unable to reduce use or a desire to discontinue use and reliance on benzodiazepines to remain comfortable and able to handle daily life. Themes included: (a) benzodiazepine dependence is similar to dependence to diabetes or blood pressure medications; (b) dependence is distinctive from addiction/abuse; (c) addiction/abuse is perceived as worse than dependence; and (d) concerns of addiction/abuse result in low-dose benzodiazepine use.     

Stimulant Medication Use,Misuse, and Abuse in an Undergraduate and Graduate Student Sample

In this study, the authors investigated the characteristics of use, misuse, and abuse of stimulant medication (primarily methylphenidate and variants) among students at a northeastern US university. Researchers sent an invitation to take an Internet survey to student e-mail addresses and passed 150 paper surveys in undergraduate classes, analyzing 1,025 (975 electronically) returned surveys. Sixteen percent of respondents reported abusing or misusing stimulant medication. Ninety-six percent of respondents who specified a medication preferred to abuse or misuse Ritalin. Men and women reported similar use patterns. Most respondents who abused or misused stimulant medication swallowed pills; 40% used intranasally. Reasons for abusing or misusing stimulant medication included improving attention, partying, reducing hyperactivity, and improving grades. Consistent with previous studies, results suggest that abuse of stimulant medication is a concern on college campuses. The results point to various reasons for and methods of abusing and misusing stimulant medication that may direct future research, prevention, and intervention.     

论网络著作权侵权行为的抗辩

为网络著作权侵权行为提供一个抗辩机制，是著作权限制的一种形式，目的在于协调作者个人利益与公共利益的冲突。在网络环境下著作权侵权行为抗辩机制的主要内容有合理使用、法定许可、著作权的失效和诉讼时效过期等几种情况。     

普通高校学生健身运动处方及效果的分析

通过12周的教学实验对比，跟踪研究与分析，探讨了健身运动处方对大学生体育锻炼效果的影响。结果表明：实验前后男（女）1000m（800m）、肺活量、台阶指数指标均有显著性差异，说明在高校体育课程改革中，实施健身运动处方是可行的、有效的，能够满足大学生体育锻炼的个性化的需求。     

普通高校学生健身运动处方及效果的分析

通过12周的教学实验对比，跟踪研究与分析，探讨了健身运动处方对大学生体育锻炼效果的影响。结果表明：实验前后男（女）1000m（800m）、肺活量、台阶指数指标均有显著性差异，说明在高校体育课程改革中，实施健身运动处方是可行的、有效的，能够满足大学生体育锻炼的个性化的需求。     

论我国对外连带保证案件的法律适用问题——以诉讼时效为例

关于对外连带保证案件的法律适用,我国审判实践尚无统一的做法。本文以诉讼时效的法律适用为例,认为如果涉案保证经过审批的,其法律适用应尊重当事人的意思自治,未经审批的,则应以直接适用法为由适用我国内地法处理,而且,此种区分将导致在诉讼时效问题上法律适用的不同。     

取得时效制度在我国的设立

本文重点阐述了在我国设立取得时效制度的价值意义,并在此基础上,提出了相关的制度构想,希冀对构筑我国民法典中的取得时效制度有所裨益。     

The complexity of roles in community action projects: The example of the evaluation of ‘alternatives’

Evaluation of community interventions is a special form of evaluation involving many roles that are key to accomplishing both the intervention and the accompanying research. The present paper describes the roles involved in the evaluation of a community intervention (‘Alternatives’) aimed at safer use of alcohol and depressant medications by seniors.The three core roles were the community developer who provided leadership in the implementation of the project, the researcher/evaluator, and the community committee that sanctioned and facilitated the project. Other roles on the project included: the project coordinator, the nurse-interviewers who collected the survey data for the evaluation, volunteers from seniors groups, local health service providers, the media, the funders, and others on the project team who provided specific technical expertise.The paper describes the competing interests among these roles as well as conflicts that arose and how these conflicts were handled. Although specific roles are described, the types of roles and the potential for competing interests and conflict are generally relevant to community level evaluations.