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1.
“镇改市”是我国基层行政体制改革的试验,也是在新型城镇化过程中对基层行政区划改革做出的有益尝试。以构建大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇化空间格局为目标指向,通过激活中小城市的发展“命脉”,改变单纯依靠经济推动乡镇发展的路径依赖,实现“农民城”向新型城镇的跨越,是中国经济发展的新探索。然而,随着改革的推进,缺位的行政规划设计、有限的乡镇管理能力、被异化的政绩观念、社会组织发育不成熟以及市民文化普及不到位等,对“镇改市”的推进造成一定程度的制约,成为“镇改市”过程中难以回避的现实问题。问题的化解离不开政策的引导、技术的支持和法治的保障,这三个维度相互联系、缺一不可,共同为“镇改市”改革的顺利实施“保驾护航”。  相似文献   
2.
Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.  相似文献   
3.
近年来,由于中美经济联系日趋紧密,中美股票市场大幅波动的互激效应明显增强。本文考虑中美股市时差和法定节假日差异等因素,运用标值Hawkes过程对2006-2017年CSI300和S&P500大幅波动收益率数据进行建模,结果表明:(1)中美股市大幅波动互激效应存在不对称性,美股市场大幅波动对中国股市的互激效应更强;(2)中美股市大幅波动的幅度对互激效应不存在显著影响;(3)中美股票市场对于大幅波动互激效应的消化速度存在差异,中国股票市场消化美股大幅波动互激效应的速度较快。本研究对金融市场监管者和投资者均有一定意义。  相似文献   
4.
    
产权保护为企业创新效率提供了制度基础.相比已有静态性的分析视角,通过《物权法》改革这条主线,在动态性视角下考察产权保护水平对企业创新行为的影响.研究发现,《物权法》实施后,随着产权保护水平的提高,企业的创新活动显著增强,企业的专利数量和质量均显著增加.《物权法》对企业创新行为的促进作用在低市场化进程地区、无政治关联企业以及非国有企业中更为显著.在"法与金融"的研究框架内,从产权保护水平的动态性视角,为企业创新行为提供了合理的解释.物权法的实施进一步发挥了市场在资源优化配置的基础性作用,规范市场经济的民法体系,同时,保护了债权人的利益,促进了外部融资的增长,优化了资源配置效率.研究结论有助于我们正确认识和理解《物权法》实施的政策效果.同时,对于产权保护水平如何影响企业财务行为决策具有重要的政策启示.  相似文献   
5.
In a Poisson process, it is well-known that the forward and backward recurrence times at a given time point t are independent random variables. In a renewal process, although the joint distribution of these quantities is known (asymptotically), it seems that very few results regarding their covariance function exist. In the present paper, we study this covariance and, in particular, we state both necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be positive, zero or negative in terms of reliability classifications and the coefficient of variation of the underlying inter-renewal and the associated equilibrium distribution. Our results apply either for an ordinary renewal process in the steady state or for a stationary process.  相似文献   
6.
Modeling spatial overdispersion requires point process models with finite‐dimensional distributions that are overdisperse relative to the Poisson distribution. Fitting such models usually heavily relies on the properties of stationarity, ergodicity, and orderliness. In addition, although processes based on negative binomial finite‐dimensional distributions have been widely considered, they typically fail to simultaneously satisfy the three required properties for fitting. Indeed, it has been conjectured by Diggle and Milne that no negative binomial model can satisfy all three properties. In light of this, we change perspective and construct a new process based on a different overdisperse count model, namely, the generalized Waring (GW) distribution. While comparably tractable and flexible to negative binomial processes, the GW process is shown to possess all required properties and additionally span the negative binomial and Poisson processes as limiting cases. In this sense, the GW process provides an approximate resolution to the conundrum highlighted by Diggle and Milne.  相似文献   
7.
8.
The process of serially dependent counts with deflation or inflation of zeros is commonly observed in many applications. This paper investigates the monitoring of such a process, the first-order zero-modified geometric integer-valued autoregressive process (ZMGINAR(1)). In particular, two control charts, the upper-sided and lower-sided CUSUM charts, are developed to detect the shifts in the mean process of the ZMGINAR(1). Both the average run length performance and the standard deviation of the run length performance of these two charts are investigated by using Markov chain approaches. Also, an extensive simulation is conducted to assess the effectiveness or performance of the charts, and the presented methods are applied to two sets of real data arising from a study on the drug use.  相似文献   
9.
We establish a central limit theorem for multivariate summary statistics of nonstationary α‐mixing spatial point processes and a subsampling estimator of the covariance matrix of such statistics. The central limit theorem is crucial for establishing asymptotic properties of estimators in statistics for spatial point processes. The covariance matrix subsampling estimator is flexible and model free. It is needed, for example, to construct confidence intervals and ellipsoids based on asymptotic normality of estimators. We also provide a simulation study investigating an application of our results to estimating functions.  相似文献   
10.
Most sociologists are not content with merely relating macrosocial phenomena to preceding macrosocial causes in their causal explanations of social phenomena. Instead they are seeking to provide (non‐reductive) microfoundations with which they can corroborate and make understandable the connection between macrosocial phenomena. In order to do so a theory (or theories) of human action is required. One such theory, rational choice theory (RCT), has long been viewed with strong suspicion in sociology. I show such suspicion to be partially justified. RCT cannot be a general theory of social behaviour. Nonetheless, there are important insights in various versions of RCT that should not be discarded. In order to improve upon RCT and move toward a more unified or integrative theory of action social‐psychological research has to be taken note of. I demonstrate how dual‐process theories and the research on heuristics can help sociologists move beyond RCT without contradicting some of its more basic insights.  相似文献   
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