规范词典对异形词规范的比较研究

<现代汉语异形词规范词典>和<现代汉语词典>(第五版),都是我国规范现代汉语词汇的顶级权威词典.比较研究它们推荐的异形词使用词形,对它们有争议的推荐词形提出处理意见,以便进一步规范异形词.     

异形词的同义与互换

异形词的"同义"必须具备五个条件,即都是普通话词语、都是书面语词语、都是并存并用词语、都是同音词语、都是书写形式不同的词语.与同义词的"同义"有别,异形词的"同义"指同义项,同义项的词义完全相同.全等关系的"同义",其内部的理据有差异,只是没有造成包括理性义、色彩义、语法义等词语意义的不同;包孕、交叉关系的"同义",其概念意义有差别,只是不影响词语核心的意义.全等异形词"在任何语境下可以互换"使用;包孕、交叉异形词,只有在表示"重合"的义项时才可以互换使用.     

基于轨道式设计的波浪能发电性能研究

论文对浮球式轨道式波浪能发电装置的原理进行了阐述,实验设计两种不同结构双弹簧对立式和一拉一簧式轨道式发电装置进行详细的对比,对其发电量的大小在同一测试平台进行了数据分析,同时对实验的深入研究进行了展望和讨论,拓展了该装置的应用领域．     

Frequent successful multiparasitism by five parasitoids attacking the scale insectNipponaclerda biwakoensis

Successful multiparasitism by five parasitoid wasps of the scale insectNipponaclerda biwakoensis was investigated at a reed bed in Lake Biwa. The wasps were gregarious endoparasitoids consuming the entire body of the host. The rate of successful multiparasitism for a parasitoid species was defined as the proportion of the number of individual hosts from which the species emergedwith other species to the total number of hosts from which the species emerged. The rates were high for each parasitoid species, ranging from 17 to 82%. Successful multiparasitism frequently involved two species with similar adult size, but rarely involved species with different adult size. For four of the five species, the number of wasps per host was significantly less when wasps emerged from a host with other species relative to when emerged alone. For the other one species, the number of wasps was less, but the difference was not significant. With only one species, female wasps were significantly smaller when they emerged from a host with other species relative to when emerged alone.     

论中国古代芦苇资源的自然分布、社会利用和文化反映

芦苇是我国分布最为广泛和丰盛的草本资源,唐以前我国北方的生态状况良好,芦苇资源较为丰富。宋以来北方环境恶化,芦苇分布也相对萎缩和减少。唐以前人们对南方的芦苇资源关注不多,中唐以来随着人口增加和经济中心的南移,长江中下游流域和东部沿海地区的芦洲苇区受到重视。我国人民利用芦苇至少有7000多年的历史,芦苇编席绞绳、用作建筑材料的历史最久,新石器遗址即发现芦席、芦泥土块,民间编席、盖屋一直延续至今。芦苇的燃料价值最为重要,先秦时即设官专事积贮,明清时森林资源匮乏,芦柴资源就日见重要。芦苇的食用、药用始见于汉,此后长用不衰。宋元以来,沿江滨海芦洲苇地开始征税,官民之间竞谋其利,构成了经济史上一个特殊的现象,突出体现了芦苇资源的历史价值。芦苇广泛的自然分布和普遍的经济应用,也激发人们广泛的兴趣,相应的文学艺术作品极为丰富。芦苇风景以规模浩渺、江湖生境称胜,备受人们的喜爱。人们通过芦苇意象感受时序的变迁,抒发江湖飘泊的情怀,寄托江湖逍遥的志趣,从而赋予了丰富的人文意义。综合自然资源、历史作用和文化意义诸方面的因素而言,芦苇在我国草本植物资源中极其重要,地位仅次于竹,而超越于其他植物之上。     

交叉交织RS码在旋转头数字磁记录器中的应用

讨论了交叉交织ＲＳ码（ＣＩＲＣ）在旋转头数字磁记录器中的应用；介绍了时域ＲＳ码编译码的基本方法；给出了用ＦＰＧＡ和Ｌ６４７１Ｘ系列ＶＬＳＩ芯片对ＣＩＲＣ编译码器的硬件实现。实验表明，在记录器原始误码率为１０－３的情况下，加入ＣＩＲＣ纠错电路后，误码率小于１０－８；最后对误码原因进行了分析     

喷气织机主喷嘴引纬特性实验研究

为分析喷气织机引纬过程中纬纱进入筘槽段内的运动状态,减少纬纱飞行过程中卷曲、飘动等不利运动情况,通 过优化引纬工艺参数,搭建纬纱运动特性观测实验平台,利用高速摄影技术对纬纱飞入筘槽部分进行拍摄研究,获得气 流特性与纬纱运动速度、加速度等参数之间的关系。实验结果表明,当主喷压力为0.3 MPa、主喷嘴出口距筘槽长度为 20 mm,主喷嘴出口距第一辅喷嘴距离为50 mm时,织造能耗小,纬纱波动小,引纬效率高。研究结果为实际生产提供了 参考。     

新飞跃、新尺度、新纲领--关于"三个代表"重要思想历史地位的思考

正确认识“三个代表”重要思想 ,是全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的前提。“三个代表”重要思想在理论上实现了马克思主义的新飞跃 ;在价值观上 ,确立了新型的社会主义价值观 ;在实践上 ,是“加强和改进党的建设、推进我国社会主义自我完善和发展”的新纲领。     

Nested coordinate descent algorithms for empirical likelihood

Empirical likelihood (EL) as a nonparametric approach has been demonstrated to have many desirable merits. While it has intensive development in methodological research, its practical application is less explored due to the requirements of intensive optimizations. Effective and stable algorithms therefore are highly desired for practical implementation of EL. This paper bears the effort to narrow the gap between methodological research and practical application of EL. We try to tackle the computation problems, which are considered difficult by practitioners, by introducing a nested coordinate descent algorithm and one modified version to EL. Coordinate descent as a class of convenient and robust algorithms has been shown in the existing literature to be effective in optimizations. We show that the nested coordinate descent algorithms can be conveniently and stably applied in general EL problems. The combination of nested coordinate descent with the MM algorithm further simplifies the computation. The nested coordinate descent algorithms are a natural and perfect match with inferences based on profile estimation and variable selection in high-dimensional data. Extensive examples are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the nested coordinate descent algorithms in the context of EL.     

芦、荻考辨

芦苇和荻是两种不同的草本植物,常见于古代文献典籍。因芦、荻别称较多,古人在芦、荻的区别上有过不少争论。从芦、荻名实考辨、植物学区别、用途异同及芦荻的文化意蕴特色方面考证和论述了二者的不同。