大数据时代项目评审中社会伦理问题的对抗性设计

通过对抗性设计方法解决项目评审中的社会伦理问题，为专家、申请者、大众提供争论和表达异议的民主环境。项目自动评价平台完成民主环境的构建，呈现专家、申请者、平台的争胜性关系，揭示霸权，旨在重塑自由、平等、公平、正义、特权等的项目评审中的社会伦理。     

Impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation: a construction supply chain case study

This research proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework and demonstrates the impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation process for construction supply chains. The paper focuses on the supply chain of a large-scale housing project in order to illustrate the role of competitive capability and suppliers’ profile and its influence on supplier evaluation based on prevailing supply/market conditions. Various scenarios are investigated to demonstrate the impact of competition on supplier evaluation. The contribution of the study lies in highlighting the impact of supply/market conditions on MCDM decisions causing supplier evaluation ‘imbalance’ and MCDM usage. It is expected that the study will be useful for project management, construction, supply chain management, sourcing professionals. The findings of the study are generalisable to projects-based situations such as petroleum refinery and ship building where bill of materials typically consists of thousands of items and a large number of suppliers are involved.     

Delay causes analysis in complex construction projects: a Semantic Network Analysis approach

Delays are among the most crucial adversaries to the success and performance of construction projects, making delay analysis and management a critical task for project managers. This task will be highly complicated in large-scale projects such as construction, which usually consist of a complex network of heterogeneous entities in continuous interaction. Traditional approaches and methods for the analysis of delays and their causes have been criticised for their ability to handle complex projects, and for considering the interrelationships between delay causes. Addressing this gap, this research introduces an alternative approach for delay causes analysis by adopting Semantic Network Analysis (SNA) method. The paper reports the results from an investigation of delays in construction projects in the Oil-Gas-Petrochemical sector using SNA. The method’s capacity to identify and rank delay causes, which can assist managers in selecting appropriate measures for eliminating them, are empirically examined and discussed. The paper argues that SNA leads to a more comprehensive understanding of the main causes of delay in large and complex projects, allowing a better identification and mapping of the interrelationships between these discrete factors.     

需求牵引课题培养材料领域研究生爱国担当之志

培养研究生爱国担当之志是研究生教育的根本，是科研育人的生动体现，是落实全国高校思想政治工作会议精神与全国研究生教育会议精神的核心。以材料领域研究生培养为例，探讨需求牵引课题激发与培养研究生爱国担当之志的路径与成效。结合自主创新研究成果与航天迫切需求，激发学生奉献与担当之志，立志为我国航天强国事业贡献青春与力量，担当时代赋予的重任。实现将科学研究与思想引领有机融合，引导学生建立主动将个人成长与国家发展和中华民族伟大复兴相结合的信念，培养学生既具有过硬材料创新本领，又具有自信、爱国、奉献、担当意识，为中国特色社会主义现代化建设培养德才兼备的材料领域创新拔尖领军人才。     

居民养老保险:参保主体、筹资与待遇水平

本文从参保结构、筹资水平和待遇水平等3个方面对城乡居民养老保险制度进行了分析。研究发现,在参保结构方面,伴随着城镇化率的提高,居民养老保险参保人数的相对比例在下降;在筹资水平方面,个人缴费水平过低,其主要原因是财政补贴资金激励性不足,从而需要在进一步提高财政补贴的同时,优化补贴结构,提高对个人缴费的激励作用;在待遇方面,居民养老金总体水平较低、但增长幅度较大,与职工待遇相比,替代率的差距要远远小于绝对额的差距。     

Improving and measuring transparency in NGOs: A disclosure index for activities and projects

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are established not with the aim of making profits but rather to provide social values by implementing different projects and activities. Transmitting complete information about these projects to society is a key element of transparency, as they operate within an atmosphere of public trust. Although there is a large body of literature on transparency in NGOs from a global perspective, very little research has been conducted on transparency within the area of projects and activities. This study takes a deeper look at this line and contributes to the literature on transparency in NGOs by proposing an index to measure the information transparency of the projects implemented by these organizations. The index captures three dimensions of the information about the projects (technical, financial, and scope) and makes it possible to: analyze the level of transparency of the portfolio of projects, detect the specific aspects that could be improved in each organization, and carry out comparisons among organizations.     

Channeling advocacy? Assessing how funding source shapes the strategies of environmental organizations

ABSTRACT

All non–governmental organizations (NGOs) rely on funding to support their work. But how does the source of funding shape the types of advocacy groups engage in? Using novel panel data collected by the Environmental Funders Network, this research examines how funding from government, foundations, business, and members shape the advocacy work of environmental NGOs (ENGOs) in the UK. Past research suggests that elite funding sources channel groups into institutional advocacy, such as lobbying or litigation, and away from public advocacy, such as protesting. This paper confirms previous research while also showing that all types of funding channel group actions. Foundation and business funding is associated with more institutional advocacy, government funding is associated with non–political advocacy such as species conservation, and member funding is associated with public advocacy. By comparing across funding types, this study demonstrates the ways in which groups are both helped and hindered by funding from different sources.     

Exploring the link between government funding and efficiency in nonprofit colleges

Previous literature has suggested that federal funding can hinder the efficiency of nonprofit organizations, but this has yet not been empirically tested. This study used a two‐stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of a set of private nonprofit teaching‐oriented colleges, then estimate the impact of federal and state funding on organizational efficiency. The findings indicate that, on average, increases in neither state nor federal funding effect efficiency of nonprofit colleges. Increasing state funding negatively impacted the efficiency of public colleges (N = 799). This study suggests that the challenges for nonprofits that accompany government funding may not rise to a quantifiable negative effect on efficiency.     

新乡贤与乡村慈善:资源整合、项目对接与激励机制创新

新乡贤是实现中国乡村振兴目标的重要社会资源,尽管不同地区新乡贤群体由于结构不同导致其社会功能存在较大差异,但乡村慈善功能应是各地新乡贤最基本、最主要的社会功能。乡村慈善也是当前中国乡村发展面临的最大短板,急需外部新资源注入推动。只有对中国新乡贤资源进行合理整合,搭建合适的平台实现新乡贤资源与乡村慈善项目的有效对接,积极创新激励机制鼓励新乡贤参与乡村慈善,才能充分利用中国丰富的新乡贤资源补齐乡村发展短板,改善乡村生产与生活条件,助力乡村振兴目标的实现。     

“顽疾”还是“误诊”？产业扶贫“内生动力不足”问题探究

产业扶贫中“内生动力不足”是阻碍脱贫攻坚获胜的难题。以豫北黄河滩区Q乡为例,对扶贫项目运营情况进行长期调研,深度剖析“内生动力不足”产生的根源。调研发现,产业扶贫项目的自然风险、市场风险、道德风险与政治风险是影响贫困户“内生动力不足”的重要因素,认知评估理论与资源保存理论能有效揭示项目风险影响贫困户“内生动力不足”问题的内在作用机理。贫困户会对项目风险进行全面评估,认为凭借自身资源无力应对,同时为避免自有资源遭受损失,进而对扶贫项目表现消极,产生“内生动力不足”问题。为此,从健全防御配套设施、避免官僚逻辑、弱化精英偏好、人才培养与引进等方面化解项目风险,是提升贫困户“内生动力”、促进产业扶贫项目可持续发展的有效措施。