美国近期经济状况及对山西经济的影响

从 2 0 0 0年下半年以来美国经济增速急剧下降 ,甚至有衰退的迹象。其作为山西的重要贸易出口国和外资来源地 ,会对我省经济产生一些影响。我们应该采取相应对策 ,趋利避害 ,促进山西经济增长。     

日本经济衰退的原因及启示

在日本经济成长过程中形成的“东亚模式”进入九十年代急转直下 ,令人深思。由于中国制度体系在邓小平南方讲话之前已非常接近“东亚模式”。因此 ,研究日本经济衰退的原因对中国经济的发展有重要启示 ,对中国加入WTO ,融入国际经济体系后是否可以、以及如何实现持续增长这一重大课题具有借鉴意义     

Household gambling expenditures and the Irish recession

This article examines the determinants of household gambling expenditures in Ireland and the effects of the recession on these expenditures using a large micro data-set, the Irish Household Budget Survey (HBS). Two gambling expenditures are examined, bookmaker tote betting and spending on the national lottery. Households with an older and a less educated head of household participate in and spend more on both forms of gambling while the presence of children in the households tends to reduce participation and spending in gambling. There is also evidence to suggest that households with an unemployed head of household have a higher likelihood of participation in gambling. The recession has affected the two forms of gambling in different ways. Lottery expenditures appear resilient to the effects of the recession. This is demonstrated in the estimated expenditure elasticities in particular. Bookmaker/tote expenditures have changed from a necessity to a luxury good, while lottery expenditures have increased in their necessity status. This can be explained by the fact that playing the lottery requires less time, knowledge and risk and has potentially greater benefits attached to it in comparison to bookmaker/tote betting. During a recession these factors become much more prevalent.     

The Great Recession of 2007: An Agenda for Social Justice

The Great Recession, the most severe economic crisis since the Great Depression, officially began in December 2007 with an 8 trillion dollar housing bubble and lasted until June 2009, resulting in loss in consumer spending and collapse in the nation’s business investment. For American workers, the Great Recession had far-reaching implications: unemployment, underemployment, pay cuts, and cutbacks in household spending. Although social work has a historical commitment to address the vulnerabilities of people and communities, we argue that the profession neglected to understand fully the factors associated with the Great Recession and to mount an agenda for justice in response to its worker-related impact.     

Suicide and mental health problems among Swedish youth in the wake of the 1990s recession

The purpose of this explorative study is to bring together a variety of Swedish data sources with indicators of youth mental health and living conditions in order to illuminate trends during the last decades, elucidate possible determinants of mental ill health and develop hypotheses to explain the observed trend patterns. The analyses in the study reveal some surprising inconsistencies with respect to the mental health trends among young people during the 1990s. Most striking is the pattern of increasing youth unemployment coinciding with almost inverse trends in the rates of suicide. The secular trends in fatal suicides during this period do not show any increase but some actual decrease in sub‐populations despite high sustained levels of unemployment. In contrast, survey data indicate that the general mental health of youth during this period appears to have deteriorated.     

Poverty and social conditions in Poland during the transformation to a market economy

The social welfare system in Poland was changed during the 1990s. The full employment policy, as a guarantee for social security, was abandoned and the institutions through which social resources were distributed were replaced. State-owned enterprises previously fulfilled certain social functions; the necessary resources came from state subsidies and from obligatory funds: housing and social funds as well as a proportion of wage costs. Thus, the prices of many types of important consumption goods (such as food and housing) were fixed at a relatively low level. The elimination of subsidies resulted in the bankruptcy of many state-owned enterprises which, in turn, led to the diminished importance of the social security function of industrial enterprises. Their role in the newly created social welfare system was taken over by social welfare centers, through which assistance was distributed to those in need. Besides the traditional recipients of social assistance, a growing number of unemployed people, who comprise approximately 14% of the productively active citizens, have also begun collecting assistance.     

近代早期意大利经济衰退的原因

意大利是欧洲资本主义萌芽诞生最早的国家,在欧洲的经济发展过程中处于举足轻重的地位。但是,在由中世纪向近代转变的过程中,意大利的经济却逐渐处于衰退的地位,最终被其他新兴的欧洲国家所取代。意大利的经济衰退主要是由于国内经济和国际经济环境因素综合作用的结果。     

经济衰退背景下的外贸业务员应对策略研究

金融风暴给世界经济与贸易带来了巨大的灾难,同时引发了全球贸易保护主义的抬头,世界经济存在许多不确定性．缺乏可以有效支撑经济持续复苏的积极因素和基本面。世界金融危机必然带来经济衰退,中国出口增速下降,外贸行业和企业遭受着巨大的冲击。中国外贸企业如何求得生存与发展是摆在面前的一项重要而艰巨的任务,因此,具体研究外贸业务员的应对之策具有重大的现实意义。     

Poverty and material deprivation among European workers in times of crisis

Many EU countries are faced with abysmal public debts and high unemployment, and may have to reduce their social expenditure and deregulate their labour market, which should lead to an increase in ‘working poverty’ (i.e., an increase in the number of working men and women who live in a low‐income household, or in a household that cannot afford certain goods and services considered essential for a decent life, respectively). However, working poverty remains an under‐analysed phenomenon in Europe. Moreover, the vast majority of existing definitions used in Europe are based on a relative income poverty line and the EU's official definition of ‘in‐work’, which raises concerns about the robustness of existing findings. This article first examines how the socioeconomic situation has evolved in seven EU Member States that have fared differently. In addition, the article examines whether the use of non‐monetary poverty indicators and of an encompassing definition of ‘working’ has an impact on the conclusions drawn. An attempt is made to identify the main macro‐level determinants of changes in ‘working poverty’ and to better understand their impact at the micro‐level.     

我国传统年画兴衰微探及对策研究

年画是我国特有的一种绘画体裁,自宋代普遍流行开始至今已经有一千多年的历史。我国传统年画的经历了一个曾经年底的家家“总把新桃换就符”到现如今气息奄奄,频临危机的过程。相关的文化及产业界加大了对于年画的关注,探究我国传统年画的兴盛及衰落的原因,并在此基础上研究挽救的对策,对于我国传统年画这一文化遗产．具有很重要的历史价值和现实意义。