Disaster Management from a POM Perspective: Mapping a New Domain

We have reviewed disaster management research papers published in major operations management, management science, operations research, supply chain management and transportation/logistics journals. In reviewing these studies, our objective is to assess and present the macro level “architectural blue print” of disaster management research with the hope that it will attract new researchers and motivate established researchers to contribute to this important field. The secondary objective is to bring this disaster research to the attention of disaster administrators so that disasters are managed more efficiently and more effectively. We have mapped the disaster management research on the following five attributes of a disaster: (1) Disaster Management Function (decision‐making process, prevention and mitigation, evacuation, humanitarian logistics, casualty management, and recovery and restoration), (2) Time of Disaster (before, during and after), (3) Type of Disaster (accidents, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslides, terrorism and wildfires etc.), (4) Data Type (Field and Archival data, Real data and Hypothetical data), and (5) Data Analysis Technique (bidding models, decision analysis, expert systems, fuzzy system analysis, game theory, heuristics, mathematical programming, network flow models, queueing theory, simulation and statistical analysis). We have done cross tabulations of data among these five parameters to gain greater insights into disaster research. Recommendations for future research are provided.     

城市绿色与灰色空间复愈作用的初步对比研究

通过对比城市绿色及灰色空间复愈作用的差异,初步探讨这两类城市环境对个体身心资源产生影响的效果和速度,为今后环境复愈作用的本土化理论研究与应用提供支持。采用文献法和实验法相结合,在查阅与整理国内外相关文献的基础上,设计了单因素重复测量的实地实验。实验随机选取14名男性被试,分组后暴露于绿色或灰色空间这两种环境刺激中,进行词语联想测验引发压力状态,以正性负性情绪量表呈现被试在压力和复愈状态下的情绪变化,用唾液淀粉酶活性水平作为生理指标,直观监测被试的自主唤醒水平。结果显示,本实验压力引入的效果并不理想,没有造成显著的身心资源消耗;实验所选的城市绿色空间可在5 min内有效降低个体的自主唤醒水平,10 min时此作用更加明显;绿色空间组被试的消极情绪在15 min内得到有效缓解,而灰色空间组被试的积极情绪则在复愈阶段显著减少。因此,城市绿色空间在短时间内对个体的生理资源有较好的复愈作用,而灰色空间缺乏该复愈作用;同时绿色空间对个体的心理资源有显著的复愈作用,而灰色空间有消耗个体心理资源的可能。     

核偏最小二乘算法的图像超分辨率算法

提出了基于核偏最小二乘算法(KPLS)回归的超分辨率复原算法。该算法首先将高低分辨率图像块的高频信息和中频信息作为建立回归关系的特征,并对图像进行分块;依据相应的高低分辨率图像块的关系,使用KPLS建立起回归模型;在复原时,依据该模型回归得到高分辨率的图像块,将图像块拼接为高分辨率的图像。通过对人脸图像和车牌图像的实验结果,表明该算法无论是对人脸图像还是车牌图像都能取得较好的复原效果。     

“固守自性”抑或“思入生活”？——浅析当代哲学的本性复归与生活还原及其同向建构

当代哲学本性复归与生活还原的同向建构旨在面向生活本身、探究人类存在的神圣性维度,弘扬哲学理性所具有的那种纯品性的学术精神,以便在一个更高的思维层级上实现哲学对人的自由本性的最大开放。哲学的这种本性复归与生活还原并不妨碍它多边切入其他学科,当然也不随便对其他文化门类的意义评头论足,而是主张在进行界外阅读、执行跨学科运作之前,首先对哲学自身的基础性问题进行理性反思,以便审视、衡量与检验自己的内在本性与认识能力是否丢失,从而避免因陷入先验幻象、遭遇荒诞而导致自我消解。     

“Mad Money” madness: Jim Cramer's image restoration effort

The following is an evaluation of “Mad Money” host Jim Cramer's image restoration attempts during his March 2009 week-long media battle with Jon Stewart, host of “The Daily Show.” Using Benoit's (1995) image restoration theory as a conceptual framework, it is apparent that Cramer failed in restoring his reputation because he frequently coupled incongruent strategies and was unable to grasp the dynamic nature of communicative image restoration.     

重大自然灾害社会援助机制研究

汶川大地震灾后恢复重建的实践表明，我国重大自然灾害社会援助虽然取得了一定的成效，但仍存在诸多问题，如缺乏完善的社会捐赠机制、社会组织的发展遭遇制度和资源等多重制约，志愿者权益缺乏保护，专业技能不足等。针对这些不足，探讨社会援助的慈善机制、激励机制、协同机制的构建路径，以期完善重大自然灾害社会援助机制，促进社会健康稳定发展。     

Organizational Sustainability and Systemic Boundary Processes

Abstract

Every day, managers work to sustain the organizations wherein they work. In this article, the authors examine certain systemic boundary processes that are intrinsic to organizations and their sustainability. For readers of this journal, whose name points to the inherent connection between organizations and society, the authors present an argument that organizational boundary processes and their influence on organizational sustainability are important considerations for those of us interested in a viable future for our society. The importance of these processes for managers also is indicated.     

Two-dimensional generalisations of dynamic programming for image analysis

Dynamic programming (DP) is a fast, elegant method for solving many one-dimensional optimisation problems but, unfortunately, most problems in image analysis, such as restoration and warping, are two-dimensional. We consider three generalisations of DP. The first is iterated dynamic programming (IDP), where DP is used to recursively solve each of a sequence of one-dimensional problems in turn, to find a local optimum. A second algorithm is an empirical, stochastic optimiser, which is implemented by adding progressively less noise to IDP. The final approach replaces DP by a more computationally intensive Forward-Backward Gibbs Sampler, and uses a simulated annealing cooling schedule. Results are compared with existing pixel-by-pixel methods of iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing in two applications: to restore a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and to warp a pulsed-field electrophoresis gel into alignment with a reference image. We find that IDP and its stochastic variant outperform the remaining algorithms.     

Ecological research can augment restoration practice in urban areas degraded by invasive species—examples from Chicago Wilderness

Urban biodiversity conservation needs a firm scientific foundation, one that draws upon active and regionally calibrated research programs. Until recently this foundation has not existed. In this paper we examine the way in which the emerging discipline of restoration ecology in an urban context can learn from the experiences of ongoing restoration projects and in turn how novel insights from research of urban soils can help these projects define and reach their goals. Limitations on collaboration between academic researchers and practitioners continues be problematic. We discuss a model whereby this impediment may be removed. A case study of Rhamnus cathartica, an invader of Midwestern woodlands which modifies some important soil ecosystem properties will be used to illustrate the potential for engagement between research and practice.     

论《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》中的特别程序——再谈刑事和解制度

《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》将刑事和解制度首次纳入特殊程序范围,这是我国刑事司法理念不断创新和提升的直接体现,具有重要的实践意义。为确保刑事和解制度能够切实运行而不空为一纸规定,有必要对该制度的存在基础予以明晰,同时进一步完善其运行机制,最终实现刑事和解程序化解当事人矛盾、弥补受害人损失、修复被破坏社会关系的根本目的。