中国大学生拒绝邀请的礼貌策略

语言中的性意识是一种普遍存在的现象 ,它蕴含着语言使用者的文化心理、社会价值取向 ,并反映出社会规范与民俗心态。对中国大学生拒绝邀请的礼貌策略的性别差异的调查和研究 ,支持了为 Brown和 L evinson的关于消极礼貌和面子威胁行为的观点 ,暗示中国社会是一个注重消极礼貌的社会     

以言语行为分类模式重构英文商务信函的分类

以 Leech对言语行为的分类模式为基础 ,对英文商务信函重新分为合作类信函、和谐类信函、竞争类信函和冲突类信函等类。合作类信函突出简洁明了的语言特点 ,和谐类信函突出积极肯定的语言特点 ,竞争类信函突出亲切自然的语言特点 ,冲突类信函突出间接委婉的语言特点 ,这些语言特点的应用都是以突出交际双方的内在利益关系为前提的     

Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality: A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam

Although most traditional Muslim scholars condemn same-sex desires and acts, revisionist Muslim scholars have offered a more tolerant approach on this issue over the last two decades. Building on an essentialist approach to same-sex desires and acts, these scholars have argued that Islam accepts difference and diversity, including sexual diversity, as part of God’s creation. Homosexuality, which in their view is an innate disposition to the same sex, is an alternative sexuality and, thus, accepted by the Qur’an and Islam. This article argues that an essentialist approach is not suitable to defend all manifestations of same-sex desires and acts, not only because it is narrow (as it excludes both bisexual Muslims and homosexual Muslims who believe that their sexual orientation is socially constructed), but also because it cannot even argue the case for the view of homosexuality as inborn. This article proposes to open up the debate beyond essentialism and constructivism, which both have their limitations, to accommodate a more inclusive and tolerant Islamic approach to same-sex desires and acts.     

幽默言语行为的语用策略及在交际中的影响

本文论述话语幽默是人类交际活动巾重要的语言现象，它既是人们行使其他青外之力的有效手段，又有助于人们更好地实现交际目的：     

宪政运行的成本结构

分析宪政运行的成本结构，对于宪法实施、宪政评价和宪政社会的构建都有重要的时代意义。宪政运行成本就是宪政运行过程中所产生和付出的代价和费用，具有交易费用的性质。宪政运行的成本结构包括立宪成本、行宪成本、守宪成本和违完成本等。     

Intention Understanding and Partner-Sensitive Behaviors in Young Children's Peer Interactions

Recent research on peer interaction shows that complex, coordinated play emerges around 24 months. Increased understanding of others' intentions has been proposed as a reason for its emergence at this juncture. In this study, we assessed understanding of the intentional structure of human action in children aged 19 to 39 months by eliciting verbal explanations of observed action. We hypothesized that more elaborated understanding of intention would be related to more partner-sensitive behaviors during interactions with familiar, same-age peers at home. We found that level of intention understanding predicted types of overtures made, types of objects offered, monitoring partner responses, partner compliance, and types of speech acts addressed to partners. Results are discussed in terms of the contribution of intention understanding to interactive competence, the role of linguistic competence in conceptual development, the effects of context on the production of speech acts and developing theory of mind.     

西部民营经济发展与地方政府行为的优化

在西部民营经济发展中，地方政府施政乏力。文章分析了造成的原因，认为只有优化地方政府行为，才能进一步促进西部民营经济健康快速发展。     

化妆品广告语的语用分析——从言语行为理论及礼貌原则谈化妆品广告语

在指令行为和承诺行为中,策略原则的作用最为显著,也最为有效,与其平行的宽宏准则的作用则明显较弱。同时,在表述行为和表情行为中,赞扬准则、谦虚准则的使用较为普遍。对于表述行为,赞同准则和同情准则也在其中得到了不同程度的应用。分析表明,化妆品广告语,总是在遵循以上的分类标准和礼貌准则的同时,试图运用更多的手段,在迎合消费者的同时,达到销售商品的目的。     

行政行为效力体系理论的回顾与反思

行政行为效力理论研究是行政法学领域最为薄弱的环节之一,学术界对于行政行为效力基本概念的理解及理论术语的运用仍存在较大分歧,还没有形成一个科学、完整的概念体系.我们认为,行政行为效力体系的构建不仅要有理论自身的自洽性,而且要能够揭示行政行为效力的本质属性,体现行政管理的特色.就行政决定的效力内容体系而言,可划分为存续力、既决力和实现力;行政决定的效力具有相对性和动态性.     

论法律行为解释的性质

法律行为解释是将法律行为的意思明确化的活动,是法官发挥主观能动性的活动。确定法律行为解释的性质在司法实践中具有特别重要的意义,它在许多国家直接决定着有关法律行为解释的问题能否上诉、上诉审法院的管辖及上诉审法院的裁判结果。只有在司法过程中才能理解法律行为的性质,法律行为解释发生在法律适用的小前提形成的阶段,而形成小前提的阶段是一个法律适用过程。法律行为的解释在性质上属于法律问题,而不是事实问题。