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1.
张炜  崔璨 《北方论丛》2021,(1):147-156
在二战后英帝国渐趋解体的过程中,马尔维纳斯(福克兰)群岛和直布罗陀在分别面对阿根廷和西班牙要求主权的压力下,依然作为英国重要的海外战略据点,受到有效控制和维护。这主要得益于英国运用多种策略,特别是以“民族自决权”为主轴,利用当地居民的诉求以模糊主权争议焦点。在此基础上,英国借法律法规空白或模糊之处以扩大领土领海;借改变属地名称、居民身份地位以淡化殖民色彩;借加大经济扶持开发力度以增强经济价值;在极端情况下不惜动用武力。这些策略导致上述两地的主权争议长期被搁置,并为偏向英方的当地政权提供了更大的政治经济发展空间。  相似文献   
2.
The aim of this study was to provide insight into the differential relationships between job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee functioning by examining the psychological and motivational processes involved. Drawing on self-determination theory, we tested a model in which job demands are positively related to negative manifestations of employee functioning (psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints) through psychological need frustration and low-quality work motivation (controlled motivation), whereas job resources are positively related to positive manifestations of employee functioning (work engagement and job performance) through need satisfaction and high-quality work motivation (autonomous motivation). Data were collected from 699 Canadian nurses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results support the proposed model: psychological needs and work motivation partially mediated the relationship between job characteristics and employee functioning. Specifically, job demands negatively predicted employee functioning (high distress and psychosomatic complaints, low engagement and performance) through need frustration and controlled motivation. In contrast, while positively predicting need satisfaction and negatively predicting need frustration, job resources fostered optimal work motivation (more autonomous and less controlled motivation) and employee functioning. The implications for self-determination theory (SDT) and research on occupational health and stress are discussed.  相似文献   
3.
瑞典的《医疗生物银行法》在实施过程中出现适用范围有限、伦理原则缺失、有关职责界定不清等问题,科学界和医疗界提议出台新的生物银行法以替代旧法,促进医疗领域健康发展。瑞典新的生物银行法报告在尊重个体完整和隐私的前提下,将监管所有人类组织样本的收集、存储和使用,并将完善样本捐献者的知情同意,强化样本捐献者的自决权,增加可追溯性规定和样本库个人资料处理原则,申明生物样本跨界合作的安全问题,对正在修订《涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查办法》的我国具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   
4.
This study examined the attitudes of social work students toward end-of-life care planning, as well as their degree of willingness to engage in this area of social work practice. Factors associated with their attitudes were measured through structured surveys completed by 102 social work students (N = 102) at a school of social work in the southeast. Results indicated that these social work students tended to have positive attitudes toward end-of-life care planning in general. Moreover, these attitudes were positively associated with preference for pain relief treatment, higher levels of comfort when discussing death, more emphasis on self-determination, and apprehension of conflicts of self-determination. The results of this study underscored the increased societal need for recognition of personal preferences in end-of-life care, higher levels of comfort when discussing death, and an increased commitment of social workers' to maintaining the ethical principle of the client's right to self-determination in end-of-life planning. While this is not surprising, it points to a continuing need to re-assess where the field stands in its preparation of social work professionals who will work closely with people who are dying and their families.  相似文献   
5.
The impact of an intervention on the self-determination and career planning engagement of young adults with mental health challenges was studied. Sixty-seven young adults, 20 to 30 years of age, with mental health diagnoses (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder) were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Statistically significant greater increases were made by the intervention group versus the control group for self-determination and career planning engagement, and self-determination at least partially mediated increases in career planning engagement. With career planning self-determination interventions, young adults with mental health challenges might be able to achieve better career and life outcomes than is typical for this population.  相似文献   
6.
个人数据权是人格权,而不是财产权,并且,个人数据权主要是在公法领域发生作用,因此,个人数据权主要是一项宪法权利.在公法领域,数据主体的自决权受到很大限制,公权力机关基于公共利益的目的或管理职能的必要,可以不经数据主体同意而搜集和使用个人数据.为避免公权力对公民个人数据权的侵犯,公权机关在搜集公民个人数据时,必须遵守职能必须原则和当事人知悉原则;而在使用个人数据时,则必须遵守目的特定原则.个人数据权作为宪法权利,一方面具有防范公权力侵犯公民个人数据权的功能;另一方面,在公民个人数据权受到其他民事主体侵犯时,有要求公权力承担保护的权利.如是,个人数据权作为一项宪法性权利,其内容才是完整的,并且是自足的.  相似文献   
7.
This study aimed to deepen our understanding of the motivational mechanisms involved in the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee functioning. Drawing on the TFL literature, the job demands–resources model and self-determination theory, we propose an integrative model that relates TFL to employee psychological health (burnout and psychological distress), attitudes (occupational commitment and turnover intention) and performance (professional efficacy, self-reported individual and objective organizational performance) through two explanatory mechanisms: perceived job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee motivation (autonomous and controlled). This research was conducted in two occupational settings (nurses and school principals), using a distinct variable operationalization for each. Results of both studies provide support for the hypothesized model, suggesting that TFL relates to optimal job functioning (psychological health, job attitudes and performance) by contributing to favourable perceptions of job characteristics (more resources and less demands) and high-quality work motivation (more autonomous motivation and less controlled motivation) in employees. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are presented.  相似文献   
8.
自决权先后呈现出种族化、非殖化、集体人权三种历史形态。自决权从来就不具有一种既定的内涵与模式,它的产生、发展与演变与国际社会历史走向和现实基础密不可分。自决权也不应再局限于传统观念,而应该结合构建和谐世界的需要而有所更新。维护民族关系的正义性是自决权的主要诉由,自决权本质上是一种包含内外两个面相的集体人权。行使自决权可能导致分离,但分离需要遵守一定的前提条件。  相似文献   
9.
民族区域自治制度是我国解决民族问题的基本政治制度,是"史无前例的伟大创举"。用民族区域自治制解决民族问题,是各民族的共同愿望,是马列主义者的理想模式,更是中国共产党的正确抉择。民族区域自治制的伟大创造,顺应历史、合乎民意。  相似文献   
10.
2010年7月22日,国际法院就科索沃独立发表了咨询意见,裁定科索沃宣布独立没有违反国际法,没有违反联合国接管科索沃时颁布的《临时自治宪法框架》以及安理会关于政治解决科索沃问题的第1244号决议。国际法院的咨询意见,再一次引起了国际社会的轩然大波,科索沃单方面宣布独立似乎有了“合法”的依据。作者就此提出反对观点,认为科索沃单方宣布独立违反了国际法多项基本原则,同时也破坏了国际社会的安定秩序,并就科索沃问题的解决提出了自己的建议。  相似文献   
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