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1.
Scholars have highlighted the use of punishment as a tool to defend laws and norms, deter deviance, and restore justice in the aftermath of organizational misconduct. However, current theory and research primarily draw on a micro-oriented lens to understand how punishment occurs in response to deviant actors within organizations, neglecting macro-oriented questions of whether and how organizations are punished for their misconduct. We review sociological and macro-organizational work that suggests punitive severity can vary with three key attributes of the organization: status, reputation, and embedded ties. We then develop a mezzo-lens framework motivated at the intersection of micro- and macro-perspectives on organizational misconduct to shed light on opportunities for theoretical expansion by crossing levels of analysis.  相似文献   
2.
“三孩政策”标志着生育政策的进一步优化,它为中国人口长期均衡发展提供了政策保障,在对新中国成立以来两次生育政策转型和优化分析的基础上,从人口长期均衡发展战略、人口问题的再认识、生育意愿和生育行为改变的视角分析中国生育政策优化的基础和内在动力。研究认为,优化生育政策不仅提升了人口出生率,缓解人口老龄化,减轻社会保障制度压力,而且将生育权回归家庭,是对家庭福利和人的全面发展的体现; 为此,在充分发挥“三孩”新人口政策作用的同时,还要有相应的配套措施,将构建共享型社会保障制度、保障女性的生育权和劳动就业权、增加人力资本投资等一体考虑,有助于新的优化生育政策的有效实施。  相似文献   
3.
以CNKI数据库中的311篇CSSCI来源期刊论文以及Web Of Science平台中的716篇核心合集库文献作为研究样本,运用CiteSpace5.6.R2软件进行可视化计量分析,发现既有健康乡村研究文献的主要议题有乡村居民个体健康影响因素、乡村中的特殊群体健康、乡村健康风险与健康保障三个方面,国内研究与国外研究在议题设置阶段上有些许差别。进一步分析可知,国内研究将集中于乡村振兴战略和乡村治理现代化,相关重点议题有:“大健康”理念下的健康乡村研究、健康乡村政策研究、健康乡村韧性度提升研究、数字化健康乡村研究。  相似文献   
4.
2020年后农村减贫的战略重心由绝对贫困转向相对贫困,如何精准识别农村相对贫困发生的 根源,缓解农村相对贫困问题,成为实现乡村振兴的关键因素。运用二元 logistic回归模型与中国社会 综合调查数据研究发现,农民的可行能力不足具有明显的致贫效应,其中,身体健康状况、心理健康状况 等基本可行能力和受教育程度等可行发展能力的不足均是导致农民相对贫困的重要因素;而农民工作 意愿的致贫效应不明显,相对贫困的状态反而会在一定程度上激发农民的工作意愿;增加农村基本公共 服务供给则是纾解农村相对贫困的重要方式;增加农村社会发展机会同样具有重要的脱贫效应,可以显 著降低农民相对贫困发生的概率。  相似文献   
5.
This study assessed social work and nursing students’ intentions to provide end-of-life care, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. A total of 181 social work and nursing students completed a questionnaire examining intentions to provide end-of-life care, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, death anxiety, subjective knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics. Students manifested a moderate level of intentions to provide end-of-life care, with nursing students indicating higher levels of intentions than social work students. Multiple regression analyses revealed that attitudes, subjective norms, and previous experience were the main predictors of intentions to provide end-of-life care. Recommendations for academic programs are discussed.  相似文献   
6.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a campus-wide social norms marketing intervention on alcohol-use perceptions, consumption, and blackouts at a large, urban, public university. Participants: 4,172 college students (1,208 freshmen, 1,159 sophomores, 953 juniors, and 852 seniors) who completed surveys in Spring 2015 for the Spit for Science Study, a longitudinal study of students' substance use and emotional health. Methods: Participants were e-mailed an online survey that queried campaign readership, perception of peer alcohol use, alcohol consumption, frequency of consumption, and frequency of blackouts. Associations between variables were evaluated using path analysis. Results: We found that campaign readership was associated with more accurate perceptions of peer alcohol use, which, in turn, was associated with self-reported lower number of drinks per sitting and experiencing fewer blackouts. Conclusions: This evaluation supports the use of social norms marketing as a population-level intervention to correct alcohol-use misperceptions and reduce blackouts.  相似文献   
7.
自20世纪80年代开始,环境风险感知研究成为国际学者关注的重点和热点。国内外大量学者基于不同学科视角对环境风险感知进行研究,但这一研究领域仍存在较大争议。以1982—2019年公开发表的关于环境风险感知的415篇WOS期刊相关论文为样本,运用SATI软件构建知识单元共现矩阵,将矩阵导入 Ucinet 社会网络分析软件生成环境风险感知关键词共现知识图谱,采用SPSS软件对高频关键词相异矩阵进行因子分析、聚类分析和多维尺度分析,呈现环境风险感知的9个研究流派和4个维度的知识谱系,并在此基础上割裂为实存论和建构论。多学科路径下环境风险感知研究在“概念阐释”“内容统一”“理论整合”呈现相互渗透,彼此交融特征,但是由于实存论和建构论的互异性和隔膜,导致环境风险感知研究难以实质融合,由此可为我国的环境风险感知研究提供借鉴和反思。  相似文献   
8.
随着经济和社会的发展,人们逐渐从经济的束缚中解放出来,获得更多的自由和闲暇。工作不再是定义自我和衡量幸福的唯一方式,休闲作为一种新的文化价值观开始对人们的生活起到重要指导作用。休闲的自由和社会互动等性质为人们提供了深入认识自我以及自我与他人关系的时间和社会空间,有助于解答“我是谁”和“我们是谁”等认同问题。由此,个体能够以一种展现自我的生活方式扮演不同的人生角色,构建较为稳定的个体认同和社会认同,发现和实现人生意义。休闲塑造文化认同的历史源远流长,至今仍然发挥巨大作用。在休闲时代和全球化持续发展的双重背景下,休闲塑造和传播文化价值观的重要作用也日益凸显。因此,休闲与认同关系研究对个体发展、社会发展和文化发展具有重要的积极意义。  相似文献   
9.
We conducted a trust game experiment to investigate whether women are trusted more when they wear makeup than when they do not. Facial attractiveness, which was manipulated through the application of makeup by a professional makeup artist, was measured before and after makeovers. Trustors were shown a photograph of their female counterparts before they made decisions about money transfers to trustees. The results showed that wearing makeup increased perceived attractiveness, which in turn led trustors to make larger transfers to female trustees during the trust game. Additionally, we discovered a pure makeup premium that was mediated by gender. Specifically, female trustees with makeup received larger transfers than female trustees without makeup when the trustors were men, even after controlling for female trustees’ levels of attractiveness.  相似文献   
10.
The anatomy lab has been studied by sociologists interested in professional socialization since the 1950s. This is because the act of dissecting a cadaver is thought to be foundational for both the student's medical knowledge and the development of the student's professional identity. In this paper, I revisit the anatomy lab both historically and ethnographically. Drawing on theoretical insights from the laboratory ethnography tradition within science and technology studies, I show that students use material artifacts in the lab to support their “surgical identity play.” This activity is structured by the laboratory's performative architecture even while it is unsupervised by anatomy faculty. While many analyses of professional socialization focus on how students learn to interact with patients during their training, I show that the anatomy lab experience is an important form of professional socialization because here students learn to employ surgical instruments, language, and dress, and begin to relate to each other as colleagues.  相似文献   
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