Peer support and food security in deaf college students

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether peer support and demographic characteristics predicted food security among deaf college students. Participants: The sample included 166 deaf college students at Gallaudet University. Methods: Participants completed a bilingual online survey in American Sign Language (ASL) and English. This survey included USDA’s 6-item food security survey, questions about peer support and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Out of 166 students (mean age =23; SD?=?6), 60.7% were food secure. About 26.4% were at-risk for low food security and another 12.9% had very low food security. The sample included respondents who identified as people of color (54%) and women (52%). Binary logistic regression revealed that compared to people who reported always receiving peer support, people who never received peer support were 16.3 times more likely to experience food insecurity (adj OR: 16.325, 95% CI 1.824–146.107). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a strong relationship between peer support and deaf college students' food security experiences.     

Maternal Experiences of Parenting Girls who are Perceived as Overweight or at Risk for Becoming So: Narratives of Uncertainty,Ambivalence and Struggle

This work explored U.S. mothers’ experiences of parenting young adolescent girls who are perceived by their mothers as overweight or at risk for becoming so. Data were collected via in‐depth interviews with 13 mothers and were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Many mothers experienced socializing their daughters about issues of the body, weight, diet, and health as marked by uncertainty, ambivalence and struggle, particularly relative to four subthemes: mothers’ embodiment as challenge to ‘good mothering’, negotiating a dilemma of the ‘healthy mind’ versus the ‘healthy body’, managing discipline: how much to intervene?, and the challenge of interpersonal dynamics.     

食品安全犯罪的法律归属再探讨

新近学界泛起将食品安全犯罪的法律归属调整到危害公共安全罪的观点，其立论的最大“法宝”在于食品安全犯罪侵害了不特定多数人的健康生命权，即公共安全。其实，“危害后果严重”不是判断主要客体的依据，食品安全犯罪的法律归属取决于其行为特性和本国立法价值取向及立法传统。食品安全犯罪与传统的危害公共安全罪不具有兼容性，将其归属于生产、销售伪劣商品罪并无不妥。     

Evaluation of the Food and Agriculture Sector Criticality Assessment Tool (FASCAT) and the Collected Data

To protect and secure food resources for the United States, it is crucial to have a method to compare food systems’ criticality. In 2007, the U.S. government funded development of the Food and Agriculture Sector Criticality Assessment Tool (FASCAT) to determine which food and agriculture systems were most critical to the nation. FASCAT was developed in a collaborative process involving government officials and food industry subject matter experts (SMEs). After development, data were collected using FASCAT to quantify threats, vulnerabilities, consequences, and the impacts on the United States from failure of evaluated food and agriculture systems. To examine FASCAT's utility, linear regression models were used to determine: (1) which groups of questions posed in FASCAT were better predictors of cumulative criticality scores; (2) whether the items included in FASCAT's criticality method or the smaller subset of FASCAT items included in DHS's risk analysis method predicted similar criticality scores. Akaike's information criterion was used to determine which regression models best described criticality, and a mixed linear model was used to shrink estimates of criticality for individual food and agriculture systems. The results indicated that: (1) some of the questions used in FASCAT strongly predicted food or agriculture system criticality; (2) the FASCAT criticality formula was a stronger predictor of criticality compared to the DHS risk formula; (3) the cumulative criticality formula predicted criticality more strongly than weighted criticality formula; and (4) the mixed linear regression model did not change the rank‐order of food and agriculture system criticality to a large degree.     

口感预测型食品物性仿生检测系统

针对目前在使用质构仪进行食品物性检测时，存在的检测数据准确性较差，操作系统功能单一，测试结果与口感 评价间无关联性分析等缺点，提出了基于六自由度并联机器人的口感预测型仿生检测系统。设计了仿生咀嚼检测平台； 利用数理统计原理和最小二乘法建立了物性检测数据与口感评价之间的数学模型，实现了仿生检测系统的口感预测功 能。实验结果表明，利用数学模型获得的口感预测值与人口感评价结果之间的误差小于9%，满足实际应用的需要，验 证了口感预测数学模型构建的正确性及口感预测功能的可行性。     

三种运营模式下O2O外卖服务供应链质量努力策略研究

O2O外卖作为"互联网+"时代下的新型餐饮模式，日益受到人们的关注。本文研究的O2O外卖服务供应链由一个O2O外卖平台、一个餐饮商家和一个配送骑手构成。O2O外卖平台决策平台的服务质量努力和服务费用，餐饮商家决策产品价格，骑手决策配送服务质量努力程度，同时会受到来自平台或商家的服务质量激励。通过分析商家配送、平台配送和商家自建平台+配送三种运营模式，分别构建O2O外卖服务供应链成员的利润函数，运用博弈理论，优化得到不同模式下O2O外卖服务供应链成员的最优质量控制策略和最优利润。利用公式推导和对比分析，分别探讨了骑手激励金额上限和市场规模对服务供应链最优策略和最优利润的影响。通过数值仿真，可得结论：服务供应链各成员利润均随着市场规模的增大而增大，随着骑手激励金额上限的增加而先增大后减少。当市场规模较小时，平台配送模式下商家最优利润最大。而当市场规模较大时，商家自建平台+配送模式下商家最优利润最大。     

一生多半在车船--李笠翁“苦游”四海

李笠翁一生不断搬家和出游，自谓“一生多半在车船”，当是实录。单说长游，就有五次：最早的一次是康熙三四年间游粤；紧接着是康熙五至七年游京师连着游晋秦；回金陵住了一年多后，于康熙九年游闽；又隔一年，游楚；最后是康熙十二至十三年第二次游京师。此外，笠翁还在68岁高龄时，于贫病交加之中作了一次湖州之游。在别人，外出大都是“乐”游；而在笠翁，则是“苦”游。在别人，是衣食无忧，到外面长见识，增阅历，或观赏大自然的美景；而在笠翁，则是去“就食”，即像牧民“逐水草而居”找饭吃。别人是“吃饱了饭”去游玩“消食”；而笠翁却是“饿着肚子”出游“找食”，自谓“为饥驱而走四方”。当然，“苦”中有乐，“饥驱四方，遍历名胜”；同时也有收获———除“化缘”得“食”之外，还收获了诗文，也收获了友谊。但是，笠翁出游，“苦”是主打，“乐”是陪衬；“苦”是正业，“乐”是副产品。     

How the acculturation of Baba Nyonya community affects Malacca food identity?

ABSTRACT

The migration of the Chinese community to Malacca in the 16th century has enabled the process of cross culturing and culinary acculturation, producing a unique mixture of Baba Nyonya food. Even though Baba Nyonya food is pretty much has been localised (Malay), its Chinese representation cannot be denied. This study aims to assess how the acculturation of the Baba Nyonya community affects Malacca food identity. A quantitative methodology is employed in this study. This study classifies Baba Nyonya food acculturation through (1) types of food; (2) methods of cooking; (3) ingredients; and (4) eating decorum. From the regression analysis, this study found that Baba Nyonya cultural polarity explains significant variation in the formation of Malacca food identity. This study then elaborates on the importance of Baba Nyonya food in Malacca destination branding.     

China’s flexible overseas food strategy: food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asia and China in 1990–2015

Using the UN Comtrade database and multiple sources of agricultural investment data, this paper outlines the emerging patterns of food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asian countries and China. The paper shows that China has adopted a flexible overseas food strategy. First, China has increased food export and shifted its food trade with Southeast Asia from a dependent relationship towards a complementary relationship at the regional level in recent years. Second, China tends to adapt to the existing conditions of food production and trade in Southeast Asian countries instead of fundamentally altering them. Finally, Chinese overseas agricultural investment is less driven by domestic food demand but more oriented for profit making, and this gives it flexibility in diversifying investment. An adequate understanding of China’s flexible food strategy in bilateral and multilateral relationships holds implications for global food security.