COWORDS: a probabilistic model for multiple word clouds

Word clouds constitute one of the most popular statistical tools for the visual analysis of text documents because they provide users with a quick and intuitive understanding of the content. Despite their popularity for visualizing single documents, word clouds are not appropriate to compare different text documents. Independently generating word clouds for each document leads to configurations where the same word is typically located in widely different positions. This makes it very difficult to compare two or more word clouds. This paper introduces COWORDS, a new stochastic algorithm to create multiple word clouds, including one for each document. The shared words in multiple documents are placed in the same position in all clouds. Similar documents produce similar and compact clouds, making it easier to simultaneously compare and interpret several word clouds. The algorithm is based on a probability distribution in which the most probable configurations are those with a desirable visual aspect, such as a low value for the total distance between the words in all clouds. The algorithm output is a set of word clouds that are randomly selected from this probability distribution. The selection procedure uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method. We present several examples that illustrate the performance and visual results that can be obtained by our algorithm.     

“全评价”体系在科技查新质量评价中的应用研究

科技查新工作既是一项高层次的综合性情报服务工作,又是科研管理工作科学化、规范化的重要环节。查新质量的高低直接影响到对科研成果的评价。分析了"全评价"体系应用于科技查新质量的可能性,研究了科技查新质量的评价主体、评价客体、评价目的、评价标准、评价指标、评价方法和评价制度,并尝试构建科技查新质量形式评价、内容评价和效用评价的指标体系,以期为科技查新质量建立一个科学的全评价体系,促进科技查新工作质量的提高。     

信息素养教育与信息检索课教学改革

信息素养是创新人才必须具备的基本综合素质。文章强调了信息检索课教学是为培养学生信息素养服务的,也是实现信息素养教育的基础、平台和手段。作者针对当前高校信息检索课教学的现状,提出了信息检索课教学的改革措施。     

认知视角下的程式语心理表征与译语词汇提取研究

程式语心理表征在认知加工过程中具有其独特的存储、提取优势，善加利用可以使翻译交际变得流畅、高效。“在线语法判断”和“在线词汇翻译”两项实验任务旨在研究程式语心理表征对译语词汇提取质量的影响。研究表明，高二语水平者程式语心理表征质量明显优于低二语水平者；程式语心理表征水平与译语词汇提取流利度、准确度呈正相关；不同类型的程式语表征对译语词汇提取质量具有不同的预测力。     

The Pacific Rim Library: A Surprising Pearl

The Pacific Rim Library (PRL) is an initiative of the Pacific Rim Digital Library Association (PRDLA). The project began in 2006 using the OAI-PMH paradigm and now holds over 300,000 records harvested from OAI data provider libraries around the Pacific. PRL's goal is to enable the sharing of digital collections amongst PRDLA members and the world, but greater unexpected benefits have been discovered. Through mirroring their metadata, PRL increases the chance that their data will be discovered in Google and other general search engines. With its many disparate collections, PRL is not a repository for traditional information discovery and retrieval. Initially users will bounce from a Google hit to the PRL metadata record in Hong Kong and then begin an intensive search on the original site which hosts the full digital object, in Vancouver, Honolulu, Wuhan, Singapore, or other PRDLA member location.     

现代信息查询领域知识体系探讨

在现代网络环境下,传统的文献检索范围已迅速拓展到现代信息查询领域,作为大学信息教育的课程——《文献检索与利用》,其知识体系面临淘汰陈旧知识、更新内容、体系结构优化重组的课题。本文针对这一目标,对现代信息查询领域知识体系作了初步的探讨。     

高校文献检索课课堂管理探究

概述了课堂管理的涵义与基本功能,通过对文献检索课大班教学中存在的种种问题的分析,探讨了文献检索课有效课堂管理的内容和实施对策,以期促进文献检索课教学改革,提高文献检索课课堂教学效率。     

语义网络的关系结构和词义检索模式

语义网络是模拟人脑记忆的知识表征系统,记忆中的概念通过关系结构互相连接,主要有分层结构、主题分类、并列结构、搭配等等.在扩散性语义网络模型中,词义检索始于激活一个概念节点,相关的其他概念继而平行激活,特定方向的激活一定程度上是串行的.语义网络的关系结构影响词义检索.意义关系是主要的语义提示,能缩小潜在的搜索范围,加快识别目标词.     

高校图书馆主题标引工作刍议

主题标引与检索既是读者的需要，也是图书馆文献数据库建设与发展的必然趋势。计算机管理为高校图书馆开展主题标引工作创造了良好的条件。然而在实现计算机管理后，仍有许多高校图书馆存在着忽视主题标引工作的问题。选定标引方法、培训标引人员、确定标题级别和制订标引规则等则是解决这一问题的办法与措施。     

自动化立体仓库中出入库任务顺序与出库位置选择集成优化研究

具有多个出口的自动化立体仓库系统是一种将存储和分拣相结合的新型仓储技术,其最典型的特征是在货架底层有很多个出库位置以供取货人员分拣。研究此系统中出入库任务排序与出口选择的集成优化问题,以最小化堆垛机完成所有任务的移动距离为目标,将此问题转化为一个混合整数规划模型。根据问题的特点设计了两阶段启发式算法求解此问题,数值结果表明设计的算法能在较短时间内给出近似最优解,同时与企业常用的先到先服务方法相比,该算法可以缩短超过20%的移动距离。