基于技术多样性的专利申请人与审查员的引证行为差异

近年来，专利引文越来越多地被用于技术路径研究、技术会聚、技术扩散等技术领域间的知识活动研究，但并未有效区分申请人引用和审查员引用，现有技术领域层面对申请人和审查员引用差异的对比研究还停留在较为浅显的统计层面。将技术类别间的差异性引入到申请人引用和审查员引用的对比研究中，在技术类别分布基础上，探究专利技术类别多样性视角下申请人引用和审查员引用的知识来源差异，并对其开展相关性分析。研究结果表明:专利申请人引用涉及的技术类别范围更广，而审查员引用则更集中于本技术类别；对大部分技术类别，申请人引用的技术类别多样性要高于审查员引用，但两者呈现出显著的正相关性。     

中介机构参与下联盟企业知识转移的三方利益博弈分析

知识转移是企业保存知识、提升创新能力的重要途径，中介机构在转移过程中发挥了重要作用。本文以联盟企业间知识转移为研究对象，考虑了企业的不同心理压力，首先建立了联盟企业双方的讨价还价博弈模型；其次构建了考虑中介机构参与知识转移的博弈模型，分析和讨论三方收益变化的影响因素及策略选择。结果表明，在直接知识转移博弈中，转移主体的收益大小与自身的心理压力呈负相关，而与对方的心理压力呈正相关，同等心理压力下知识转出方占优；中介机构参与博弈情形下，中介机构作为协作角色的博弈收益仅受博弈双方心理压力影响，且与知识接收方协作可获得更大收益，而主导角色博弈情形下收益受到三方主体心理压力的综合影响，并在主导知识接收博弈时获得收益更大；中介机构的角色选择与知识转出方心理压力变化相关性不明显，主要受到知识接收方及自身心理压力影响。     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

需求率受推广努力水平影响的新能源汽车租赁系统协调契约

考虑由新能源汽车租赁企业和政府组成的二级系统，在需求率为随机且与推广努力水平相关的市场环境下，建立了新能源汽车租赁企业和政府之间的博弈模型，探讨了分散决策、集中决策、收益共享与成本共担契约下的最优车队配置和推广努力水平，并对三种情形下的最优决策进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明：在分散决策情况下无法实现系统协调，通过引入成本共担与收益共享组合契约，当契约参数满足一定条件时，该组合契约模型不仅可以实现系统协调而且可以使系统成员达到帕累托改进。最后通过算例分析，验证了模型了可靠性和有效性。     

The rise of Trump and an agenda for regulatory reform

The arrival of Trump in the White House does not augur well for the long-run prospects of the US economy. The protectionism that is gathering steam under his presidency may yield some short-term gains, but at the detriment of the long-run. Examining the discontent among ordinary voters that brought Trump to power, this paper argues that this should be treated as an opportunity for a major regulatory reform. With the advance of digital technology, we have increasing returns to scale, and that, in turn, is making our antitrust laws backfire and hurt the well-being of ordinary people, thereby sowing discontent. The paper builds a simple model to illustrate this and makes the case for revoking the older antitrust laws and replacing them with some simple profit-sharing rules at the level of the firm, and the economy.     

知识分布、衰减程度与产业集群创新模式的内在机制研究

以知识流动为研究视角，将集群创新过程中的知识溢出、吸收能力内生化，构建包含三种创新模式下的产业集群演化模型，重点分析集群知识分布和知识衰减程度与集群创新模式的内在机制及其对创新产出的影响，并进行仿真实验。研究表明：不同知识分布下，混合创新模式的创新产出表现最好，外部吸收创新模式与内部自主创新模式呈现出不同的创新产出演化路径；在外部吸收创新和混合创新模式下，均匀分布型产业集群的创新产出表现最好，集中分布型表现次之，异质分布型表现最差，而在内部自主创新模式下，集中分布型则表现最好；不同创新模式对知识衰减的敏感程度呈现阶段性差异特征。这些结论对产业集群创新和可持续发展具有很好的理论和实践指导意义。     

基于SECI模型的实习教师隐性知识显性化探究

实习教师隐性知识显性化能有效促进实习教师个体教学经验的积累和理论知识的增长，增加教育实习的价值。当下，我国学者对教师隐性知识的研究对象更多集中于资深教师团体。由于实习教师隐性知识外显化缺少必要的机制与条件，所以学者们往往忽略了对实习教师隐性知识显性化的挖掘。SECI模型指知识转化的四种模式，即社会化、外部化、组合化和内部化。与之相对应的有四种场所，分别是创始场、对话场、系统化场和练习场。在此基础上，提出SECI知识转换扩展模型，并从知识创生的四个不同阶段探究实习教师对SECI模型的应用情况。据此，提出相应的教育实习策略，如建立学习共同体、引导实习教师深入反思教学实践、建立有效的学校ICT环境、形成高效且自主的实习教师授课模式等，以促进隐性知识的共享与应用。     

When standardization becomes the lens of professional practice in child welfare services

This paper examines the relationship between professional work and standardization. There has been an increase in the use of standardized programmes in child welfare services (CWS) in Western society. Some researchers have criticized standardized programmes suggesting that they undermine professionals expertise and threaten their position, whereas others argue that such programmes strengthen professional practice. In this paper, we examine how standardized tools, in this case, a standardized parenting programme and a standardized Norwegian assessment tool, influence professional roles as experienced by child welfare workers (CWS professionals) in Norway. Semistructured individual and group interviews were conducted with 31 frontline workers in two CWS agencies. Our findings suggest that standardized tools increase the social workers experienced professional competence but challenge their professional knowledge base, reflective practice, and professional accountability. Professional and practical implications for CWS work are discussed in the light of these findings.     

大数据推动政府治理创新的目标与路径

大数据的广泛应用对社会产生了深远影响，也对政府治理变革起着重要推动作用，大数据将推动政府治理理念、治理体系、治理方式的创新。政府治理的目标就是应用大数据实现法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。在运用大数据推动政府治理创新的过程中，应通过数据共享优化政府治理结构，通过政务形态信息化调整政府治理关系，通过政务平台技术化重塑政府流程，借用大数据来提升政府创新能力，通过数据应用法制化提升政府法治水平。所以，政府必须要主动适应信息公开和数据共享的大趋势，以此推动政府治理的变革与创新，进一步提高政府治理能力。     

论强纲领中的因果性模型问题

布鲁尔强纲领中所反对的目的论模型来源于巴恩斯提出的目的论模式，他们都拒绝将科学的发展看作真理进化过程，认为作为一种信念的科学知识应当纳入知识社会学的研究领域。布鲁尔进一步提出了与目的论模型相对立的因果性模型，并构建出科学知识社会学应当遵守的四条“强纲领”，力图促使知识社会学成为一门普遍性的学科。布鲁尔声称强纲领的因果性模型与目的论模型是两种相互排斥的形而上学立场，但实际上因果性模型与目的论模型并不完全排斥，甚至还有所交融；同时，他关于因果性模型的论证与辩护也存在诸多问题，是一种不彻底的“强纲领”。